Classe Liberty

SS John W. Brown navio da Classe Liberty (2000).

A Classe Liberty é uma classe de navios cargueiro construídos nos Estados Unidos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.[1]

Com desenho original britânico, as plantas foram adaptadas pelo engenheiro naval norte-americano William Francis Gibbs surgindo navios de baixo custo e rápidos de construir.[2] Esta classe de navios simbolizou a produção industrial em massa da Segunda Guerra.[3]

Estaleiros

Cerca de dezoito estaleiros dos Estados Unidos construíram 2 751 navios do tipo Liberty entre os anos de 1941 e 1945. Esta é a maior classe de navios construídos em todos os tempos.[4] Os primeiros navios levaram cerca de 230 dias para serem construídos (o Patrick Henry levou 244 dias), mas o tempo médio de produção por navio caiu para 39 dias em 1943.[5]

  • Alabama Drydock and Shipbuilding, Mobile, Alabama
  • Bethlehem-Fairfield Shipyard, Baltimore, Maryland
  • California Shipbuilding Corp., Los Angeles, Califórnia
  • Delta Shipbuilding Corp., New Orleans, Luisiana
  • J. A. Jones, Panama City, Flórida
  • J. A. Jones, Brunswick, Geórgia
  • Kaiser Company, Vancouver, Washington
  • Marinship, Sausalito, Califórnia
  • New England Shipbuilding East Yard, South Portland, Maine
  • New England Shipbuilding West Yard, South Portland, Maine
  • North Carolina Shipbuilding Company, Wilmington, Carolina do Norte
  • Oregon Shipbuilding Corporation, Portland, Oregon
  • Richmond Shipyards, Richmond, Califórnia
  • St. Johns River Shipbuilding, Jacksonville, Flórida
  • Southeastern Shipbuilding, Savannah, Geórgia
  • Todd Houston Shipbuilding, Houston, Texas
  • Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc., Providence, Rhode Island

Características técnicas

O SS Jeremiah O'Brien, em 2022.
  • Deslocamento: 14.245 toneladas bruta (14.474 t)
  • Comprimento: 135 m
  • Boca: 17,3 m
  • Calado: 8,5 m
  • Propulsão: Duas caldeiras a óleo, expansão tripla motor a vapor, eixo único, 2.500 cavalos de potência (1.864 kW)
  • Velocidade: 11-11,5 nós (20 a 21 km / h)
  • Autonomia: 23.000 milhas (37.000 km)
  • Capacidade de carga: 10.856 toneladas de porte bruto
  • Tripulação: 40 – 60 homens
  • Armamento: 1 canhão Stern de 102 mm montado no deck para utilização contra os submarinos. Metralhadoras anti-aérea.

Etapas de construção de um navio da classe Liberty

Construção de um navio Liberty no estaleiro Bethlehem Fairfield Inc. em Baltimore, Maryland (Março / Abril de 1943).

  • Kiellegung
    Kiellegung
  • Construção do fundo do navio
    Construção do fundo do navio
  • Construção da primeira das anteparas transversais
    Construção da primeira das anteparas transversais
  • Construção das anteparas
    Construção das anteparas
  • A construção do convés inferior
    A construção do convés inferior
  • A construção do deck superior
    A construção do deck superior
  • Concluído antes do lançamento
    Concluído antes do lançamento
  • Lançamento
    Lançamento

Bibliografia

  • Philip Kaplan, Jack Currie: Konvoi – Handels-Seeleute im Krieg 1939–1945, Verlag E.S. Mittler & Sohn, ISBN 3-81320-575-4.

Referências

  1. ↑ Chiles, James R "The Ships That Broke Hilter's Blockade: How a crash effort by amateur shipbuilders turned out twenty-seven hundred Liberty freighters in four years" (em inglês), inverno de 1988, Volume 3, edição 3. Invention and Technology Magazine na American Heritage
  2. ↑ Enciclopaedia Britannica. «William Francis Gibbs» (em inglês). Consultado em 6 de março de 2011 
  3. ↑ Flippen, J. B. (Abril de 2018). Speaker Jim Wright. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press. p. 60. ISBN 9781477315149 
  4. ↑ Kennedy Hickman, Military History. «World War II: The Liberty Ship Program» (em inglês). About.com. Consultado em 6 de março de 2011 
  5. ↑ Davies, James (2004). «Liberty Cargo Ship» (PDF). ww2ships.com. p. 23. Consultado em 25 de março de 2008 

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