Categorias da narrativa

Os textos literários narrativos podem encaixar-se em diferentes e diversas categorias, sendo elas:

Narrador

Presença
  • Autodiegético - quando é personagem principal.
  • Homodiegético - quando é personagem secundária.
  • Heterodiegético - quando é uma personagem exterior à ação.
Ciência
  • Omnisciente - quando sabe os pensamentos das personagens.
  • Não omnisciente - quando desconhece os pensamentos das personagens.

Posição

  • Subjectivo - quando apresenta comentários.
  • Objectivo - quando narra a história sem dar a sua opinião.

Presença na ação

  • Narrador presente ou participante - está presente na ação como personagem; no discurso usa pronomes, determinantes e formas verbais da 1ª pessoa gramatical (eu, nós, meu, nosso, encontrei, fiz).
  • Narrador ausente ou não participante - não desempenha qualquer papel na ação, narrando os acontecimentos sem neles intervir; no discurso usa pronomes, determinantes e formas verbais da 3ª pessoa gramatical (ele, seus, eles, encontrou, fez).

Acção

Relevo:

  • Principal - É constituída pelos acontecimentos principais.
  • Secundária - É constituída pelos acontecimentos menos relevantes.

Estrutura:

  • Encadeamento - as sequências encontram-se ordenadas cronologicamente.
  • Encaixe - uma sequência é encaixada dentro de outra.
  • Alternância - várias sequências vão sendo narradas alternadamente.

Momentos:

  • Situação inicial - introdução, onde se apresentam as personagens etc.
  • Peripécias ou ponto culminante - desenrolar do enredo, conduzindo ao desenlace.
  • Desenlace - conclusão.

Delimitação:

  • Aberta - Quando não se conhece o desenlace da história
  • Fechada - Quando Se Conhece O Desenlace ; Conhecendo-se o destino de todas as personagens.

1- narração - o narrador

2-discrição - o narrador

3-dialogo - as personagens

Personagens

Relevo:

  • Principal - papel preponderante, no qual é o centro da ação.
  • Secundária - papel de menor relevo, auxiliando a personagem principal.
  • Figurantes - não intervêm diretamente na ação, servem como uma "decoração".

Composição:

  • Modelada ou redonda - comportamento altera-se ao longo da ação.
  • Plana - mantém sempre o mesmo comportamento.
  • Tipo - representa uma estrutura social ou um grupo.

Processo de caracterização:

  • Direta -
  1. autocaracterização - feita pela própria personagem.
  2. heterocaracterização - feita pelo narrador ou outra personagem.
  • Indireta - deduzida pelo leitor.

Tempo

  • Cronológico - sucessão cronológica dos acontecimentos
  • Histórico - corresponde a época ou ao momento em que decorre a ação.
  • Psicológico - tempo vivido pela personagem, de acordo com o seu estado de espirito.
  • Do discurso - corresponde ao tempo em que a história é escrita.

Espaço

  • Físico - lugar onde se desenrola a ação.
  • Social - meio ambiente onde a ação decorre.
  • Psicológico - refere-se ao interior das personagens.

[[Categoria:Narratolog

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