Barsabores Amatúnio

 Nota: Para outros significados, veja Barsabores.
Barsabores Amatúnio
Etnia Armênio
Religião Catolicismo

Barsabores (em grego: Βαρσαβώρης), Bar(as)sabor(s)es (em grego: Βαρασ(σα)βορ(σ)ης)[1] ou Varaz-Xapu (em armênio: Վարազ-Շապուհ; Varazšapuh) foi um nobre armênio (nacarar) da família Amatúnio, ativo no século V.

Nome

Varazes é a forma latina do armênio Varaz (Վարազ), que derivou do persa médio e parta Varaz (Warāz), que por sua vez derivou do avéstico Varaza (Warāza, "javali selvagem").[2][3] Foi registrado em grego como Barazes (Βαράζης, Barázēs), Uarazes (Ουαράζης, Ouarázēs)[4][5] e Guraz (Γουραζ, Gouraz).[6] Já o nome Sapor (Šapur) combina šāh (rei) pūr (filho), significando literalmente "filho do rei". Seu nome foi utilizado por vários reis e notáveis durante o Império Sassânida e além e deriva do persa antigo *xšayaθiya.puθra. Pode ter sido um título, mas ao menos desde as últimas décadas do século II tornou-se um nome próprio. As formas atestadas incluem: parta šhypwhr; persa médio šhpwr-y; pálavi maniqueísta š’bwhr; livro pálavi šhpwhl; armênio šapowh e šapuh; siríaco šbwhr; soguediano š’p(‘)wr; grego Sapor(es) e Sabur; latim Sapores e Sapor; árabe al-Sābūr; persa Šāpur, Šāhpur, Šahfur, etc.[7]

Contexto

Dracma de Isdigerdes II (r. 438–457)
Dracma de Perozes I (r. 459–484)

Após 387, o Reino da Armênia foi dividido em duas zonas de influência, a bizantina e a persa. Além disso, em 428, o último rei arsácida, Artaxias IV (r. 423-428), foi deposto pelo xainxá Vararanes V (r. 420–438) a pedido dos nacarares, inaugurando o Marzobanato da Armênia.[8] Muito rapidamente, os armênios desiludiram: em 449, Isdigerdes II (r. 438–457) ordenou que eles apostatassem e se convertessem ao zoroastrismo.[9] Sob a liderança de Vardanes II, se revoltaram, mas foram derrotados em junho (ou 26 de maio) de 451 na Batalha de Avarair; a maioria dos nacarares que participaram da revolta foram então deportados à capital persa de Ctesifonte.[10] Após Avarair, os armênios foram constantemente chamados pelos persas para expedições militares distantes e foram obrigados a aceitar o crescente poder dos apóstatas. No contexto, receberam bem o apelo da revolta de Vactangue I (r. 447–522), que sublevou contra os persas.[11]

Vida

A parentela de Barsabores é incerta, exceto que pertencia à família Amatúnio. Aparece em 481, quando disse ao marzobã Adar Gusnaspe que Vaanes I e outros nobres armênios pretendiam aderir à revolta de Vactangue contra o xainxá Perozes I (r. 459–484).[12][13]

Referências

Bibliografia

  • Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962). «Վարազ». Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians]. Erevã: Imprensa da Universidade de Erevã 
  • Fausto, o Bizantino (1989). Garsoïan, Nina, ed. The Epic Histories Attributed to Pʻawstos Buzand: (Buzandaran Patmutʻiwnkʻ). Cambrígia, Massachusetts: Departamento de Línguas e Civilizações Próximo Orientais, Universidade de Harvard 
  • Grousset, René (1973) [1947]. Histoire de l'Arménie: des origines à 1071. Paris: Payot 
  • Lázaro de Farpe (1985). Bedrosian, Robert, ed. Ghazar P'arpec'i's History of the Armenians. Nova Iorque: Sources of the Armenian Tradition 
  • Justi, Ferdinand (1895). Iranisches Namenbuch. Marburgo: N. G. Elwertsche Verlagsbuchhandlung 
  • Martirosyan, Hrach (2021). «Faszikel 3: Iranian Personal Names in Armenian Collateral Tradition». In: Schmitt, Rudiger; Eichner, Heiner; Fragner, Bert G.; Sadovski, Velizar. Iranisches Personennamenbuch. Iranische namen in nebenüberlieferungen indogermanischer sprachen. Viena: Academia Austríaca de Ciências 
  • Mutafian, Claude; Éric Van Lauwe (2005). Atlas historique et culturel de l'Arménie : Proche-Orient et Sud-Caucase du 8e au 20e siècle. Paris: Autrement. ISBN 978-2746701007 
  • Toumanoff, Cyril (1989). «Amatuni». Enciclopédia Irânica Vol. I Fasc. 9. Nova Iorque: Columbia University Press 

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