Barco de quilha

Corrida de barcos de quilha modernos

Um barco de quilha é um barco de trabalho com capacidade de carga fluvial ou uma embarcação à vela recreativo de pequeno a médio porte. Os barcos da primeira categoria têm quilhas estruturais rasas e têm fundo quase plano e costumam usar leeboards se forçados em águas abertas, enquanto os barcos recreativos modernos têm quilhas de barbatanas fixas proeminentes e calado considerável. Os dois termos podem derivar de palavras cognatas com significado final diferente.[1]

Trata-se de um tipo de barco fluvial geralmente longo e estreito em forma de charuto, ou barcaça de água desprotegida que às vezes também é chamada de barco de vara, construído tem cerca de uma quilha fina e é projetado como um barco construído para a navegação de rios, lagos rasos e, às vezes, canais que eram comumente usados ​​na América, incluindo o uso em grande número por colonos que seguiam para o oeste.[1][2] Eles também foram amplamente usados ​​para transportar carga para o mercado e para expedições de exploração e comércio, pois o transporte aquático era então o meio mais eficaz para transportar cargas volumosas ou pesadas.

Os barcos de quilha eram semelhantes aos barcos fluviais, mas, como outras barcaças, não tinham propulsão e eram normalmente impulsionados e dirigidos com remos ou postes. Os barcos de quilha foram usados ​​para exploração, como durante a Expedição de Lewis e Clark, mas foram usados ​​principalmente para transportar cargas ou colonos no início do século XIX.[3] O processo de mover uma quilha rio acima foi extremamente difícil, embora dependesse da corrente. A maioria desses barcos de quilha tinha de 15 a 24 m (50 a 80 pés) de comprimento e 5 m de largura. Eles geralmente tinham uma cabine no meio ou na parte traseira, mas às vezes eram construídos com um convés aberto. Mike Fink é provavelmente o velejador mais notável da história.[4]

Referências

  1. ↑ a b «Keelboats». Cópia arquivada em 31 de janeiro de 2010. The keelboat which my brothers had in 1828, I think, was the first which navigated the Kansas river. After I came the keel boat was used altogether on the Kaw River (Kansas River) ... 
  2. ↑ Official town website, history. «welcome to Brownsville». Consultado em 2 de julho de 2009. Brownsville situated, at the westernmost point of Fayette County, on the National Road and overlooking the Monongahela River was the gateway to the west. Thomas Brown, realizing that pioneers would be drawn to the Brownsville area to get to the Ohio Valley and the state of Kentucky, purchased land in the 1700s (decade) and by mid-18th century a town was being mapped out. It was then, that the town of Brownsville (named for Thomas Brown and formerly known as Redstone Old Fort) became a "keel-boat" building center as well as other businesses for travelers. The businessmen from Brownsville supplied transportation and supplies to the traveling pioneers, and the town became very prosperous. The steamboat industry soon took over to facilitate traffic along the Monongahela River. The very first steamboat, the Enterprise, to travel to New Orleans and return by its own power was designed and built in the Brownsville boatyards and launched from the Brownsville Wharf in 1814. 
  3. ↑ Mussulman, Joseph (Abril de 2014). «Flagship: Keelboat, Barge or Boat?». Discovering Lewis & Clark. Consultado em 19 de junho de 2018 
  4. ↑ Riley, Franklin Lafayette (1903). Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society. VII. Oxford, Mississippi: Mississippi Historical Society. p. 482 

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