Antiarrítmico

Os antiarrítmicos' são constituídos por quatro grupos de fármacos utilizados no tratamento das arritmias cardíacas, como na taquicardia supraventricular.

Mecanismo de acção

Os antiarrítmicos funcionam inibindo a propagação de batimentos cardíacos imediatamente subsequentes, e diminuindo a taxa de contracção e excitabilidade cardíacas.

Classificação

Segundo a classificação de Vaughan Williams de 1970, a mais frequentemente utilizada hoje, distinguem-se quatro classes de antiarrítmicos:

  1. Antiarrítmicos da classe I: a classe I consiste nos fármacos que bloqueiam os canais de sódio (Na+) nas membranas dos miócitos (células musculares cardíacas).
  2. Antiarrítmicos da classe II: é constituída por betabloqueadores que atuam nos receptores cardíacos do sistema simpático, reduzindo a atividade cardíaca.
  3. Antiarrítmicos da classe III: são fármacos que bloqueiam os canais de potássio (K+) membranares dos miócitos, prolongando o potencial de ação e portanto a contração dos miócitos condutores.
  4. Antiarrítmicos da classe IV: bloqueiam os canais de cálcio (Ca2+) das membranas dos miócitos.

Outros

A adenosina é um mediador endógeno que pode ser sintetizado e usado como fármaco.

Efeitos adversos

Falta de ar, confusão, náuseas, dores torácicas.

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