Aminas heterocíclicas

Os amino-heterocíclicos (HA) são compostos que podem provocar tumores cancerígenos.[1][2]


Aminas heterocíclicas e câncer

O cozimento em alta temperatura (particularmente carbonização) da carne forma algumas aminas heterocíclicas causadoras de câncer.

Algumas aminas heterocíclicas (HCAs) encontradas em carnes cozidas e especialmente queimadas são conhecidas como cancerígenas. A pesquisa mostrou que a formação de aminas heterocíclicas na carne ocorre em altas temperaturas de cozimento.

Por exemplo, aminas heterocíclicas são os produtos químicos cancerígenos formados a partir do cozimento de carnes musculares, como carne, porco, aves e peixe, elas se formam quando aminoácidos e a creatina (um produto químico encontrado nos músculos) reagem a altas temperaturas de cozimento.[3]

Cozimento de carnes

A formação de aminas heterocíclicas durante o cozimento depende do tipo de carne, da temperatura de cozimento, do grau de escurecimento e do tempo de cozimento. As carnes com menor teor de gordura e água apresentam maiores concentrações de AHs após o cozimento. Mais AHs são formados quando as temperaturas da superfície da panela são superiores a 220°C (428°F), como na maioria das frituras ou grelhas. No entanto, os AHs também se formam em temperaturas mais baixas quando o tempo de cozimento é longo, como na torrefação. As concentrações de AH são maiores em crostas douradas ou queimadas que resultam da alta temperatura. Os respingos da panela e pedaços de carne que permanecem após a carne ser frita têm altas concentrações de AHs. A carne bovina, frango e peixe têm concentrações mais altas do que a carne de porco. As salsichas são ricas em gordura e água e apresentam concentrações mais baixas,[4] porém, por se tratar de carne processada, contém nitrito que é cancerígeno.[5]

Os hambúrgueres de carne moída mostram níveis mais baixos de HCAs se forem virados a cada minuto até que a temperatura alvo seja atingida.[6] Beef patties cooked while frozen show no difference in HCA levels compared to room-temperature patties.[7]


Referências

  1. ↑ «Chemicals in Meat Cooked at High Temperatures and Cancer Risk». National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2011 
  2. ↑ «Heterocyclic Amines in Cooked Meats». National Cancer Institute. 15 de setembro de 2004. Consultado em 9 de agosto de 2007 
  3. ↑ «Chemicals in Meat Cooked at High Temperatures and Cancer Risk». National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health. Consultado em 27 de outubro de 2011 
  4. ↑ Augustsson, Katarina; Lindblad, Jennifer; Overvik, Eva; Steineck, Gunnar (1 de maio de 1999). «A population-based dietary inventory of cooked meat and assessment of the daily intake of food mutagens». Food Additives & Contaminants. 16 (5): 215–225. ISSN 0265-203X. PMID 10560575. doi:10.1080/026520399284082 
  5. ↑ «Processed meat and cancer link depends on nitrite content». Consultado em 6 de julho de 2022 
  6. ↑ Knize, Mark G.; Felton, James S. (1 de maio de 2005). «Formation and human risk of carcinogenic heterocyclic amines formed from natural precursors in meat». Nutrition Reviews. 63 (5): 158–165. ISSN 0029-6643. PMID 15971410. doi:10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00133.x 
  7. ↑ Persson, Elna; Oroszvári, Bea Kovácsné; Tornberg, Eva; Sjöholm, Ingegerd; Skog, Kerstin (1 de janeiro de 2008). «Heterocyclic amine formation during frying of frozen beefburgers». International Journal of Food Science & Technology (em inglês). 43 (1): 62–68. ISSN 1365-2621. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.2006.01390.x 

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