Amina biogênica

As aminas biogênicas ou monoaminas são um grupo de aminas (compostos orgânicos nitrogenados) encontradas na natureza, derivadas da descarboxilação enzimática de aminoácidos naturais. O termo biogênicas significa produzidas pela ação de organismos vivos ou essencial à vida e sua manutenção.

Muitas aminas biogênicas possuem poderosos efeitos fisiológicos, por exemplo: histamina, serotonina, epinefrina, norepinefrina, tiramina. Aqueles derivados de aminoácidos aromáticos, além daqueles análogos sintéticos (p/ex. anfetamina) são utilizados em farmacologia.

Entre os neurotransmissores do sistema nervoso central (SNC), existem algumas monoaminas importantes. Um grupo delas é formado por uma parte alifática, a amina, e uma parte aromática, o catecol. Outro grupo de monoaminas contém o radical, o indol. Devido à presença desses dois tipos de radicais nas monoami­nas neurotransmissoras, designam-se estas substâncias com os nomes de catecolaminas e indolaminas, em consonância com a pre­sença nelas do radical catecol ou indol.

As catecolaminas mais conhecidas são em número de três: a dopamina, a norepinefrina (ou nora­drenalina) e a epinefrina (ou adrenalina). A serotonina ou 5-hidroxitriptamina é uma indolamina neurotrasmissora; já a histamina é uma etilamina.

Bibliografia

  • Katzung, Bertram G. (2001). Basic & clinical pharmacology. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, 479. ISBN 0-8385-0598-8.
  • Judas, I.; Oliveira, M.B.P.P.; Fernandes, J.O.; Ferreira, M.A.” Aminas biogênicas – Significado da sua presença em enchidos curados” Revista Portuguesa de Farmácia LI (2), 73-85, 2001

Ligações externas


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