Alles, was von Gott geboren, BWV 80a

Schlosskirche, Weimar.

Alles, was von Gott geboren, BWV 80a (Todo o que em Deus tem nascido)[1] é uma cantata de igreja escrita por Johann Sebastian Bach em Weimar para o terceiro domingo de Quaresma e estreada o 24 de março de 1715 ou bem o 15 de março de 1716. Toda a música desta cantata se perdeu. Entretanto, para 1730 Bach ampliou esta obra para criar uma cantata com a que celebrar no Dia da Reforma, dando como resultado Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott, BWV 80, que nos permite deduzir alguns aspectos musicais da BWV 80a.[2]

História

Desde 1708 Bach trabalhou para a corte em Weimar. Em 2 de março de 1714 Bach foi nomeado Konzertmeister da capela cortesana de Weimar dos duques co-reinantes Guillermo Ernesto e Ernesto Augusto de Sajonia-Weimar. Neste posto assumiu a responsabilidade principal de compor novas obras, concretamente cantatas para a Schlosskirche (igreja do palácio), com uma periodicidade mensal.[3]

Bach compôs esta obra durante sua estadia em Weimar para o terceiro domingo de Quaresma, também conhecido como Oculi.[4] A cantata foi interpretada pela primeira vez o 24 de março de 1715 conforme a Alfred Dürr ou 15 de março de 1716 segundo Klaus Hofmann.[2] Bach não pôde utilizar a obra em Leipzig, porque não se permitia a interpretação musical de cantatas durante a Quaresma. Os dois primeiros movimentos, aria e recitativo, foram transformados nos movimentos 2 e 3, os movimentos 4 e 5, recitativo e aria, passaram a ser os movimento 6 e 7.[4]

Análise

Texto

As leituras estabelecidas para esse dia eram da epístola aos efesios, conselhos para uma vida virtuosa (Efesios 5:1-9: 5:1-9), e do evangelho segundo São Lucas expulsando a um demónio (Lucas 11:14-28: 11:14-28).

O texto da cantata era do poeta cortesano Salomo Franck (1659-1725) e foi publicado em Weimar em 1715 em Evangelisches Andachts-Opffer. O texto do primeiro movimento parafraseia um versículo da primeira epístola de João, "Porque todo o que é nascido de Deus vence ao mundo" (1 Juan 5:4: 5:4). O coral de fechamento é a segunda estrofa do hino "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" de Martín Lutero.

Instrumentação

A obra está escrita para quatro vozes solistas (soprano, alto, tenor e baixo), um coro a quatro vozes; a instrumentação é desconhecida.[5]

Estrutura

Consta de seis movimentos.

  1. Aria (baixo): Alles, was von Gott geboren
  2. Recitativo (baixo): Erwäge doch, Kind Gottes, die so große Liebe
  3. Aria (soprano): Komm in mein Herzenshaus
  4. Recitativo (tenor): So stehe denn bei Christi blutgefärbten Fahne
  5. Aria (alto, tenor): Wie selig ist der Leib
  6. Coral: Mit unser Macht ist nichts getan

Ainda que perdeu-se a música, alguns aspectos podem-se deduzir da cantata posterior para o Dia da Reforma.[2] Provavelmente a primeira aria continha um cantus firmus instrumental do coral "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" de Lutero, cantado pela soprano em BWV 80. Ambos recitativos começam sendo secco e terminam num arioso. O primeiro enfatiza o texto daß Christi Geist mit dir sich fest verbinde (para que o espírito de Cristo se assente com força em vocês), o segundo dein Heiland bleibt dein Hort (teu Salvador seguirá sendo teu tesouro). O coral de fechamento é um arranjo a quatro vozes da segunda estrofe do hino de Lutero.[4] Bach's harmonisation of that movement possibly survives in BWV 303.[6][7][8]

Veja-se também


Referências

  1. Work Predefinição:BDW at Bach Digital website.
  2. a b c Dürr, Alfred; Jones, Richard D. P. (2006). The Cantatas of J. S. Bach: With Their Librettos in German-English Parallel Text. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. p. 255 
  3. Koster, Jan. «Weimar 1708–1717». let.rug.nl. Consultado em 16 de dezembro de 2011 
  4. a b c Dürr, Alfred (1971). Die Kantaten von Johann Sebastian Bach (em alemão). 1. [S.l.]: Bärenreiter-Verlag. OCLC 523584 
  5. «BWV 80a». University of Alberta. Consultado em 10 de janeiro de 2013 
  6. BWV2a (1998), p. 85
  7. Luke Dahn (2017), BWV 303 at www.bach-chorales.com
  8. Work Predefinição:BDW at Bach Digital website
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