Acordo Lansing-Ishii

O diplomata japonês Ishii em Washington, DC, em 1917, no âmbito da assinatura do Acordo Lansing-Ishii.

O Acordo Lansing-Ishii (石井 ランシング 協定 Ishii-Ranshingu Kyōtei?) foi uma nota diplomática firmada pelos Estados Unidos e pelo Império do Japão a 2 de novembro de 1917 sobre as suas disputas em relação à China.[1]

No texto do Acordo que foi publicado - firmado pelo Secretário de Estado dos Estados Unidos, Robert Lansing e pelo enviado especial japonês Ishii Kikujirō - ambas as partes se comprometeram a manter a política de portas abertas na China sobre a sua integridade territorial e administrativa.[1] Porém, o governo dos Estados Unidos reconheceu também que o Japão tinha certos "interesses especiais" na China,[1] considerando a sua proximidade geográfica, especialmente nas áreas da China mais próximas do território japonês, o que contradizia na prática a referida política de portas abertas.[2]

Num protocolo secreto anexado ao Acordo público, ambas as partes concordaram em aproveitar as potenciais oportunidades decorrentes da Primeira Guerra Mundial para tratar de obter direitos especiais ou privilégios na China, em detrimento de outras nações aliadas na guerra contra a Alemanha.

Na época, o Acordo Lansing-Ishii foi a prova de que o Japão e os Estados Unidos haviam enterrado a sua rivalidade, cada vez mais amarga sobre a China, onde o acordo foi saudado como um marco nas relações entre os EUA e o Japão. No entanto, os críticos perceberam a imprecisão da linguagem e as diferentes interpretações do acordo, o que significava que nada havia sido decidido após dois meses de negociações. O Acordo Lansing-Ishii foi substituído em abril de 1923 pelo Tratado das Nove Potências.

Para os japoneses, apesar do Acordo Lansing-Ishii, de 1917, que reconheceu os interesses especiais de Tóquio sobre uma parte da China, não implicar a igualdade com as potências ocidentais, era uma prova de que o Japão não podia mais ser ignorado nas relações internacionais.[3]

Ver também

Referências

  1. ↑ a b c Morley (1957), p. 27
  2. ↑ Tuchman, Stilwell and the American Experience in China 1914-1918, p. 48
  3. ↑ Walker, National Security and Core Values in American History, p. 78

Bibliografia

  • Bagby, Wesley M (1970). America's International Relations since World War I. [S.l.]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-512389-1 
  • Tuchman, Barbara (2001). Stillwell and the American Experience in China 1911-1945. [S.l.]: Grove Press. ISBN 0-8021-3852-7 
  • William O., Walker (2009). National Security and Core Values in American History. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 052174010 Verifique |isbn= (ajuda) 

Read other articles:

Eparki Bălți dan Fălești

Katedral Santo Konstantinus dan Santa Helena di Bălți, Moldova. Eparki Bălți dan Fălești (bahasa Moldova: Еparhia de Bălţi şi Făleşti, Rusia: Бельцкая и Фэлештская епархияcode: ru is deprecated ) adalah sebuah eparki atau keuskupan Gereja Ortodoks Moldova di bawah Patriarkat Moskwa dengan takhtanya di Katedral Santo Konstantinus dan Santa Helena di Bălți, Moldova. Riwayat Keuskupan Bălți dan Fălești didirikan pada 6 Oktober 2006 oleh Sinode Kudu...

 

Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi

Kərbəlayı Səfixan QarabağiLahir1817Ahar, Kegubernuran Yelizavetpol, Kekaisaran RusiaMeninggal25 Juni 1910(1910-06-25) (umur 93)Shusha, Kegubernuran Yelizavetpol, Kekaisaran RusiaPekerjaanArsitekGedungMasjid Ashaghi Govhar Agha Masjid Agdam Masjid Yukhari Govhar Agha Karbalayi Safikhan Karabakhi (bahasa Azerbaijan: Kərbəlayı Səfixan Sultanhüseyn oğlu Qarabaği) (1817 - 1910) adalah seorang arsitek Azerbaijan. Bangunan karyanya banyak memasukkan elemen tradisional dan roman...

 

羅生門 (電影)

本條目存在以下問題，請協助改善本條目或在討論頁針對議題發表看法。 此條目需要补充更多来源。 (2018年3月17日)请协助補充多方面可靠来源以改善这篇条目，无法查证的内容可能會因為异议提出而被移除。致使用者：请搜索一下条目的标题（来源搜索：羅生門 (電影) — 网页、新闻、书籍、学术、图像），以检查网络上是否存在该主题的更多可靠来源（判定指引）。 �...

The Forest (album)

1991 soundtrack album by David ByrneThe ForestSoundtrack album by David ByrneReleasedJune 1991Recorded1990–91GenreClassicalLength61:34LabelLuaka Bop/Warner Bros. RecordsDavid Byrne chronology Rei Momo(1989) The Forest(1991) Uh-Oh(1992) The Forest is a mostly instrumental album by David Byrne, released in 1991, inspired by the Epic of Gilgamesh and set during the later Industrial Revolution. Some of the music from this orchestral album was originally used in a Robert Wilson directed...

 

Gereja-gereja Maria Katolik

Basilika Santa Maria Maggiore, gereja Maria pertama di Roma Gereja Maria Roma adalah bangunan keagamaan yang didedikasikan kepada Bunda Maria. Terdapat gereja-gereja yang didirikan sepanjang sejarah Gereja Katolik, dan saat ini bangunan-bangunan tersebut dapat ditemukan di setiap benua kecuali Antartika. Galeri gereja-gereja Maria Katolik Roma Bagian dari seri Gereja Katolik tentangMariologiMadonna del Magnificat (1481)karya Sandro Botticelli Artikel umum Maria Mariologi Doktrin Maria Diangka...

 

Daftar stasiun televisi di Nusa Tenggara Barat

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: Daftar stasiun televisi di Nusa Tenggara Barat – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (Oktober 2021) Berikut ini adalah daftar stasiun televisi di Nusa Tenggara Barat. Catatan: Kecuali pada stasi...

Hubungan Hungaria dengan Indonesia

Hubungan Hungaria–Indonesia Hungaria Indonesia Hubungan Hungaria-Indonesia mengacu pada hubungan bilateral antara Hungaria dan Indonesia. Kedua negara menjalin hubungan diplomatik sejak tahun 1955. Sebuah kedutaan Hongaria dibuka di Jakarta pada tahun 1957.[1] Sejalan dengan kebijakan Keleti Nyitás Hungaria,[2] dan karena bobot politik dan potensi pasar Indonesia, Hungaria menganggap Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara paling berpengaruh di ASEAN. Sementara Indonesia melih...

 

Judith Hemmendinger

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Feist. Judith HemmendingerBiographieNaissance 2 octobre 1923Bad Homburg vor der Höhe (État libre de Prusse, république de Weimar)Décès 24 mars 2024 (à 100 ans)Nom de naissance Judith FeistNationalités israélienneallemandefrançaiseFormation Université Bar-IlanUniversité de StrasbourgActivité ÉcrivaineAutres informationsDistinction Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur‎modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Judith Hemmendinger (née Fe...

 

Le Média

Le MédiaLogo du Média.HistoireFondation 10 octobre 2017CadreType EntrepriseForme juridique Autre SA coopérative à conseil d'administrationDomaine d'activité Production de films et de programmes pour la télévisionSiège 11e arrondissement de ParisPays  FranceOrganisationFondateur Gérard Miller, Sophia ChikirouPositionnement gauche progressiste voire radicaleSite web www.lemediatv.frIdentifiantsRNA W751241600SIREN 880234471TVA européenne FR63880234471OpenCorporates fr/880234471mod...

Henry Matthews, 1st Viscount Llandaff

English lawyer and Conservative politician This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Henry Matthews, 1st Viscount Llandaff – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The Right HonourableThe Viscount LlandaffPC KCLord Llandaff, circa 1890Home...

 

Concerto

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Concerto (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento musica è ritenuta da controllare. Motivo: In questa voce l'attenzione è focalizzata sui concerti di musica leggera e rock, mentre i concerti jazz, classici e gospel non sono discussi affatto. Partecipa alla discussione e/o correggi la voce. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento musica non cita le fonti necessarie...

 

Pendidikan seksual

Pendidikan seksual'Kontrasepsi' adalah permainan papan pendidikan seksual yang dimainkan di sekolah Britania Raya[sunting di Wikidata]Pendidikan seksual atau edukasi seks adalah kegiatan untuk mengajarkan mengenai kesehatan reproduksi. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah untuk menyadarkan pentingnya kesehatan reproduksi sehingga tindakan pelecehan seksual maupun penyakit menular dapat dicegah. Tujuan Pendidikan seksual bertujuan untuk mengajarkan mengenai organ kesehatan reproduksi, penyakit menul...

إنجلترا

  ميّز عن المملكة المتحدة.   إنجلترا (بالإنجليزية: England)‏  إنجلتراعلم إنجلترا إنجلتراشعار إنجلترا   النشيد: ليحفظ الله الملك  الأرض والسكان إحداثيات 53°N 1°W / 53°N 1°W / 53; -1   [1] أعلى قمة قمة سكافل  المساحة 130278 كيلومتر مربع[2]  عاصمة لندن&#...

 

Associazione Calcio Perugia 1962-1963

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Associazione Calcistica Perugia Calcio. Associazione Calcio PerugiaStagione 1962-1963Sport calcio Squadra Perugia Allenatore Cesare Meucci Presidente Orlando Baldoni Serie C - Gir. B7º posto Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Baroncini (34) Miglior marcatoreCampionato...

 

Enrico Alfonso

Enrico AlfonsoNazionalità Italia Altezza191 cm Peso85 kg Calcio RuoloPortiere Squadra SPAL CarrieraGiovanili 1994-2002Alte Ceccato2002-2003 Montecchio2003-2005 Chievo Squadre di club1 2005-2006 Chievo0 (0)2006-2007→  Pizzighettone9 (-11)2007-2008 Inter0 (0)2008→  Venezia7 (-10)2008-2009→  Pisa9 (-12)2009-2011→  Modena38 (-42)2011-2013 Cremonese40 (-29)[1]2013-2014 Vicenza7 (-10)[2]2014-2015 Pro Piacenza3...

City of Moorabbin

Local government area in Victoria, AustraliaCity of MoorabbinVictoriaLocation in MelbournePopulation100,400 (1992)[1] • Density1,889.7/km2 (4,894.3/sq mi)Established1862Area53.13 km2 (20.5 sq mi)Council seatMoorabbinRegionSoutheastern MelbourneCountyBourke LGAs around City of Moorabbin: Brighton Caulfield Oakleigh Sandringham City of Moorabbin Springvale Sandringham Mordialloc Springvale The City of Moorabbin was a local government area about 20 kilome...

 

TNT Sports (United Kingdom)

British sports pay television channels This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: Needlessly long lists of presenters in the Programming section. Please help improve this article if you can. (August 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Television channel TNT SportsCountryUnited Kingdom, IrelandBroadcast areaUnited KingdomIrelandHeadquartersChiswick Park, LondonProgrammingPicture format2160p UHDTV1080i HDTVOwnershipOwnerTNT Spo...

 

West Seattle (steam ferry)

Ship built in 1807 West Seattle approaching Seattle ferry terminal, probably circa 1910. History NameWest Seattle OwnerWest Seattle Land & Improv. Co.; Port of Seattle; King County; Lake Washington Shipyard; Treutle Marine Ways[1] Operatorafter 1920 : Kitsap County Trans. Co.; May to September, 1921 : Pierce County, Washington[1] In service1907 IdentificationUS registry #203946 FateAbandoned[1] NotesConverted to barge. General characteristics Typesteam fe...

Alexander Conze

German archaeologist (1831-1914) Alexander Conze 1831–1914) Alexander Christian Leopold Conze (10 December 1831 – 19 July 1914) was a German archaeologist, who specialized in ancient Greek art. He was a native of Hanover, and studied at the universities of Göttingen and Berlin. In 1855 he obtained his doctorate at Berlin as a student of Eduard Gerhard. In 1863 he became an associate professor at the University of Halle,[1] and from 1869 to 1877, he served as a professor of archae...

 

Conservative Way Forward

British pressure and campaigning group This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. The specific problem is: out of date and steve baker is no longer a member of parliament. Please help improve this article if you can. (July 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Conservative Way ForwardFormation1991; 33 years ago (1991)Key peopleCecil ParkinsonEric ForthSir Christopher ChopeMargaret Thatcher Chrissie BoyleAffiliationsConservative Party ...