Ácido gálico

Ácido gálico
Alerta sobre risco à saúde
Outros nomes Ácido gálhico
Identificadores
Número CAS [149-91-7] (anidro)
[5995-86-8] (monoidrato)
SMILES
Propriedades
Fórmula molecular C7H6O5
Massa molar 170,12 g/mol
Aparência cristais brancos, branco-amarelados ou fulvos.
Densidade 1,7 g/cm3 (anidro)
Ponto de fusão

250 °C (523 K)

Ponto de ebulição

(? K)

Solubilidade em água 1,1g/100mL em água a 20 °C (anidro)
1,5g/100mL em água a 20 °C (monoidrato)
Acidez (pKa) COOH: 4,5 OH: 10.
Riscos associados
MSDS External MSDS
Principais riscos
associados 		Irritante
Compostos relacionados
Fenóis ou ácidos carboxílicos relacionados Ácido benzoico
Pirogalol (benzeno-1,2,3-triol)
Ácido di-hidroxibenzoico (vários isômeros)
Compostos relacionados Ácido tânico (éster)
Galato de etila
Subgalato de bismuto
Página de dados suplementares
Estrutura e propriedades n, εr, etc.
Dados termodinâmicos Phase behaviour
Solid, liquid, gas
Dados espectrais UV, IV, RMN, EM
Exceto onde denotado, os dados referem-se a
materiais sob condições normais de temperatura e pressão
Referências e avisos gerais sobre esta caixa.
Alerta sobre risco à saúde.

O ácido gálico ou ácido gálhico é um ácido orgânico, também conhecido como ácido 3,4,5-triidroxibenzóico, encontrado na noz-de-galha, no sumagre, na hamamélis, nas folhas de chá, no súber do carvalho, e outras plantas. Sua fórmula química é C6H2(OH)3COOH. O ácido gálico é encontrado na forma livre e também como parte de taninos. Sais e ésteres de ácido gálico são denominados galatos. Apesar de seu nome, não contém gálio mas tem a ver com a França, já que Gallia é França em Latim científico e Gallica é francês em Latim científico.

É usado como um padrão para a quantificação de fenol em diversos analitos pelo reagente de Folin-Ciocalteau; os resultados são dados em equivalentes de ácido gálico.[1][2] É de uso frequente na indústria farmacêutica para síntese de fármacos. O ácido gálhico também pode ser usado para sintetizar o alcalóide alucinógeno mescalina,[3] ou 3,4,5-trimetoxifeniletilamina.

O ácido gálhico foi uma das substâncias usadas por Angelo Mai entre outros investigadores de palimpsestos para remover a camada superior de texto e revelar manuscritos escondidos por baixo. Mai foi o primeiro a usá-lo, mas fê-lo "com mão pesada," danificando manuscritos para estudos posteriores.

Referências

  1. ↑ Andrew Waterhouse. «Folin-Ciocalteau Micro Method for Total Phenol in Wine» (em inglês). UC Davis. Arquivado do original em 27 de março de 2008 
  2. ↑ Fernandes, Felipe Hugo Alencar; Salgado, Hérida Regina Nunes (3 de maio de 2016). «Gallic Acid: Review of the Methods of Determination and Quantification». Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry. 46 (3): 257–265. ISSN 1040-8347. PMID 26440222. doi:10.1080/10408347.2015.1095064 
  3. ↑ «Síntese em laboratório da Mescalina». Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia. 2001–2002. Consultado em 29 de outubro de 2008 [ligação inativa]

Fontes

  • LD Reynolds and NG Wilson, “Scribes and Scholars” 3rd Ed. Oxford: 1991. pp193–4. (Em inglês)

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