Śmierć w Wenecji

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Śmierć w Wenecji (oryg. niem. Der Tod in Venedig) – nowela Tomasza Manna wydana w 1912 roku. Jest uważana za najważniejszą krótką formę Manna – również dlatego, że porusza homoseksualny wątek platonicznej miłości do młodego chłopca.

Opis fabuły

Nowela opowiada historię starzejącego się utytułowanego literata Gustawa von Aschenbacha, który udaje się w podróż do Wenecji, gdzie zakochuje się w polskim chłopcu Tadziu. Aschenbach spędza czas na plaży Lido i w hotelu, w pewnym stopniu śledząc chłopca i jego rodzinę. W momencie rozpaczy chce uciec z wydającej się mu duszną Wenecji – jednak przez przypadek zostaje. Okazuje się, że kufer z jego rzeczami zostaje wysłany przez pomyłkę niewłaściwym pociągiem. Wraca do Hotelu Kąpielowego. Ostatecznie pobyt w Wenecji doprowadza do jego śmierci, ponieważ wybucha epidemia cholery, na którą Aschenbach umiera, patrząc na bawiącego się z kolegami na plaży Tadzia. Uczucie do Tadzia przedstawione jest jako platoniczne uwielbienie dla piękna chłopca – które Aschenbach oddaje np. przez mityczne porównania chłopca do Feaka, Apolla.

Inspiracja

Tomasz Mann przebywał w 1912 roku z rodziną na wakacjach w Wenecji – gdzie, jak wspomina w pamiętnikach żona Manna Katja, zobaczył pierwowzór Tadzia. Prawdopodobnie był nim zmarły w 1986 roku Władysław Moes. Zmiana imienia miałaby być pomyłką Manna, który błędnie zinterpretował skrót imienia Władzio jako Adzio. Prototypem Gustawa von Aschenbacha był podziwiany przez Manna kompozytor austriacki i dyrygent, zmarły właśnie wtedy, Gustav Mahler. Pisarz zapożyczył od niego dla swej literackiej postaci imię oraz niektóre cechy fizyczne[1].

Odniesienia w kulturze

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Bogusław Mucha, Tajemnica Śmierci w Wenecji, „Akant”, 1 sierpnia 2011.

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