Model Hartle’a-Hawkinga

Model Wielkiego Wybuchu oraz stanu Hartle’a-Hawkinga

Model Hartle’a-Hawkinga – propozycja kwantowego wyjaśnienia początku Wszechświata, jaką w 1983 roku podali James Hartle oraz Stephen Hawking[1].

Obecnie jednym z najważniejszych problemów fizyki oraz filozofii przyrody jest niemożliwość podania spójnego opisu początkowej fazy istnienia Wszechświata, zwanej erą Plancka. Korzystając z narzędzi wykorzystywanych w mechanice kwantowej, takich jak rotacja Wicka czy całkowanie po drogach Feynmana fizycy uznali, że przedstawiony przez nich model ewolucji Wszechświata wyjaśnia jego genezę[2]. Ponieważ, w związku z zastosowaniem tych narzędzi, współrzędna czasowa została przemnożona przez jednostkę urojoną, okazało się, iż czas posiadał w najwcześniejszej fazie istnienia Wszechświata inną naturę niż obecnie – był nieodróżnialny od wymiarów przestrzennych. W związku z ową aczasową naturą wymiaru czasowego Stephen Hawking uznał, iż mówienie o czasowym początku Wszechświata jest bezsensowne. To przekonanie stało się źródłem słynnego twierdzenia Hawkinga, że „Wszechświat spontanicznie wyłonił się z niczego”, które często wyrażał w wydanej w 2010 roku (wspólnie z L. Mlodinowem) książce Wielki Projekt[3].

Przypisy

  1. ↑ J.B. Hartle, S.W. Hawking. Wave function of the Universe. „Physical Review D”. 29 (12), s. 2960-2975, 1983-12-15. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.28.2960. (ang.). 
  2. ↑ M. Heller: Kosmologia kwantowa. Prószyński i S-ka, s. 2001. ISBN 83-7255-054-9.
  3. ↑ Patrz np. S. Hawking, L. Mlodinow, Wielki Projekt, przeł. J. Włodarczyk, Wydawnictwo Albatros, Warszawa 2011, s. 219, ISBN 978-83-7659-349-4

Bibliografia

Kosmologia fizyczna
Wczesny Wszechświat
Promieniowania tła
grawitacyjne
mikrofalowe
neutrinowe
Rozszerzający się Wszechświat
Powstawanie struktur
Przyszłość Wszechświata
Składowe
Eksperymenty
Znani uczeni

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