Głowocis japoński

Głowocis japoński (Cephalotaxus harringtonia K. Koch) — gatunek krzewu lub niskiego drzewa, należący do rodziny cisowatych. Naturalnie występuje na terenie Azji — w Północnych Chinach, Japonii, Korei, Mandżurii i Syberii.

Morfologia

Pokrój: Zaokrąglony.
Pień: Po 10 latach osiąga ok. 1 m wysokości i 1 m szerokości. Maksymalnie 6 metrów wysokości.
Igły: Długości 5 cm i szerokości 0,3 cm na spodniej stronie mają dwa jasnosrebrzyste równoległe prążki.
Nasiona: Owalne, zebrane po kilka na krótkich szypułkach, na dolnej stronie pędów. Okryte mięsistą osnówką. Długości 2–3 cm. Dojrzewają w drugim roku.
Kwiaty: Niepozorne.
Kora: Brązowa, łuszcząca się.
Siewka: Posiada dwa liścienie.

Systematyka i zmienność

Odmiana biologiczna:

głowocis japoński pestkowaty (Cephalotaxus harringtonia var. drupacea (Sieb. & Zucc.) Koidz. 1930) — dorasta do 1,5 m.

Odmiana uprawna:

głowocis japoński 'Fastigiata' — pokrój prawie kolumnowy, gałęzie wzniesione stromo do góry, układ igieł spiralny.

Uprawa

W Polsce okazy tego gatunku znajdują się m.in. w arboretum w Ogrodzie Botanicznym PAN w Warszawie (rosną tam 3 sztuki), Ogrodzie Botanicznym UWr we Wrocławiu czy w arboretum w Wojsławicach.

Historia uprawy: Pierwsze uprawy w Wielkiej Brytanii w 1829 roku.
Wymagania: Gleby kwaśne, ciężkie i gliniaste. Toleruje kredowe. Stanowisko wilgotne i chłodne, w częściowym lub całkowitym cieniu. W Polsce mogą przemarzać.
Rozmnażanie: Z pędów końcowych pobieramy półzdrewniałe lub zdrewniałe sadzonki. Sadzonki z pędów bocznych nie wykształcają pędu wiodącego.

Przypisy

↑ Michael A.M.A. Ruggiero Michael A.M.A. i inni, A Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms, „PLOS One”, 10 (4), 2015, art. nr e0119248, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119248, PMID: 25923521, PMCID: PMC4418965 [dostęp 2021-03-26] (ang.).
↑ M.J.M.M.J.M. Christenhusz M.J.M.M.J.M. i inni, A new classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms, „Phytotaxa”, 19 (1), 2011, s. 55–70, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.19.1.3 (ang.).
↑ Cephalotaxus harringtonia (Knight ex J.Forbes) K.Koch, [w:] Plants of the World Online [online], Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew [dostęp 2023-12-25] .
↑ Cephalotaxus harringtonia, [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ang.).

Bibliografia

Ilustrowana encyklopedia roślin, część 2. Agora SA, 2008. ISBN 978-83-7552-270-9.

Encyklopedie internetowe (takson):

Britannica: plant/Japanese-plum-yew

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