Gatunki bliźniacze

Wśród ptaków północnoamerykańskich klasycznym przykładem gatunków kryptycznych są: empidonka olchowa (Empidonax alnorum; na zdjęciu) oraz empidonka wierzbowa (Empidonax traillii). Ptaki te są niemal nierozróżnialne, również w przypadku okazów muzealnych. Ich zwyczaje są jednak odmienne. Rozdzielone zostały przez Roberta C. Steina w 1963[1]

Gatunki bliźniacze, gatunki kryptyczne – grupa blisko spokrewnionych gatunków, które są do siebie tak podobne, że utrudnia to rozróżnienie na podstawie morfologii, a jednak występuje u nich całkowita bariera rozrodcza i brak krzyżowania. Gatunki bliźniacze szczególnie często spotyka się wśród organizmów żyjących w środowisku morskim[2].

Gatunki bliźniacze zostały lepiej poznane z chwilą rozwoju nauk genetycznych, ponieważ genetyka pozwala jasno rozgraniczyć gatunek według sekwencji genomu.

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Alvaro Jaramillo, Tales from the Cryptic Species, „Birding”, maj/czerwiec 2006, s. 30–38 [zarchiwizowane z adresu 2012-10-19].
  2. ↑ Nancy Knowlton. Sibling species in the sea. „Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics”. 24 (1), s. 189–216, 1993. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.001201. (ang.). 
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