Anatomia roślin

Anatomia roślin, fitotomia (gr. anatomē – cięcie, phyton – roślina) – dział botaniki, który zajmuje się badaniem wewnętrznej budowy organów roślin[1]. Historycznie budową wewnętrzną roślin zajmowały się zarówno morfologia roślin, w której badaną jednostką był organizm roślinny, jak i anatomia roślin, w której za jednostkę tworzącą struktury uznano komórkę. W XX. Wieku morfologia i anatomia roślin stały się dwiema niezależnymi, chociaż pokrewnymi naukami[2]. Współczesna anatomia roślin zajmuje się budową organizmu na poziomie komórek i tkanek. Do podstawowych technik badawczych anatomii należą techniki mikroskopowe[3]. Badania budowy anatomicznej w połączeniu z danymi uzyskiwanymi przez biologię molekularną pozwalają na powiązań ewolucyjnych i ustalenie filogenezy roślin[4].

Z anatomii wyodrębniono następujące działy:

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Szweykowska Alicja, Szweykowski Jerzy: Botanika t.1 Morfologia. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2003, s. 20. ISBN 83-01-13953-6.
  2. ↑ Hagemann, Wolfgang. The Relationship of Anatomy to Morphology in Plants: A New Theoretical Perspective. „International Journal of Plant Sciences”. 153 (3(2)), s. S38–S48, 1992. (ang.). 
  3. ↑ DR. Kaplan. The science of plant morphology: definition, history, and role in modern biology.. „Am J Bot”. 88 (10), s. 1711-41, Oct 2001. PMID: 21669604. 
  4. ↑ David Frederick Cutler: Plant anatomy : an applied approach. Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing, 2007, s. IX. ISBN 978-1-4051-2679-3.

Read other articles:

Bil'arab bin Sultan

Bil'arab bin SultanImam of OmanImam OmanBerkuasa1679-1692PendahuluSultan bin SaifPenerusSaif bin SultanInformasi pribadiKematian1692Jabrin, OmanWangsaYarubaAgamaIslam Ibadi Pemandangan dari kastil di Jabrin Bil'arab bin Sultan (Arab: بلعرب بن سلطان اليعربيcode: ar is deprecated ) (meninggal tahun 1692) adalah imam ketiga dari Wangsa Yaruba di Oman, seorang pemeluk agama Islam Ibadi. Bil'arab bin Sultan menggantikan posisi Imam pada tahun 1679 setelah kematian ayahnya, Sulta...

 

Daftar Wakil Bupati Sumbawa

Wakil Bupati SumbawaPetahanaDewi Noviany, S.Pd., M.Pd.sejak 26 April 2021Masa jabatan5 tahunDibentuk22 Agustus 2005Pejabat pertamaMuhammad Jabir, S.H.Situs websumbawakab.go.id Berikut ini adalah daftar Wakil Bupati Sumbawa dari masa ke masa. No Wakil Bupati Mulai Jabatan Akhir Jabatan Prd. Ket. Bupati 1 Muhammad JabirS.H. 22 Agustus 2005 22 Agustus 2010 1   Drs. H.Jamaluddin Malik Jabatan kosong 25 Agustus 2010 10 November 2010 -   H.Muhammad NurS.H., M.H.(Penjabat) 15 November...

 

Kementerian Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga

Ministry of Health and Family WelfareLambang IndiaInformasi lembagaDibentuk1976Wilayah hukum Republik IndiaKantor pusatSekretariat Kabinet Bukit Raisina, New Delhi28°36′50″N 77°12′32″E / 28.61389°N 77.20889°E / 28.61389; 77.20889Pejabat eksekutifJagat Prakash Nadda, Menteri KesehatanFaggan Singh Kulaste, Menteri Negara untuk KesehatanAnupriya Patel, Menteri Negara untuk KesehatanSitus web[1]Departemen Kesehatan dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga adalah kementerian ...

Jim Hogg

American lawyer and statesman (1851–1906) Jim Hogg20th Governor of TexasIn officeJanuary 20, 1891 – January 15, 1895LieutenantGeorge C. PendletonMartin McNulty CranePreceded byLawrence Sullivan RossSucceeded byCharles Allen Culberson22nd Attorney General of TexasIn officeNovember 2, 1886 – November 4, 1890GovernorLawrence Sullivan RossPreceded byJohn D. TempletonSucceeded byCharles Allen Culberson Personal detailsBornMarch 24, 1851Cherokee County, Texas...

 

Edwards Air Force Base

Cet article est une ébauche concernant l'US Air Force. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Pour les articles homonymes, voir EDW. Edwards Air Force Base Localisation Pays États-Unis État Californie Coordonnées 34° 54′ 57″ nord, 117° 53′ 30″ ouest Altitude 702 m (2 303 ft) Informations aéronautiques Code IATA EDW Code OACI KEDW Code FAA EDW Type d'aér...

 

Stephen Dillane

British actor (born 1957) Stephen DillaneDillane at the 2012 Dinard British Film FestivalBornStephen John Dillane (1957-03-27) 27 March 1957 (age 67)London, EnglandAlma mater University of Exeter Bristol Old Vic Theatre School OccupationActorYears active1985–presentSpouseNaomi WirthnerChildren2, including Frank Dillane Stephen John Dillane (/dɪˈleɪn/;[1] born 27 March 1957)[2] is a British actor. He is best known for his roles as Leonard Woolf in the 2002 f...

Ford Racing 2

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Ford Racing (homonymie). Ford Racing 2Développeur RazorworksÉditeur Empire Interactive (Europe) Gotham Games (Amérique du Nord) Feral Interactive (Macintosh)Compositeur Tim Follin Bjorn LynneProducteur Danny Rwsles Slade AndersonDate de sortie Windows 11 décembre 2003 Playstation 2 28 octobre 2003 Xbox 3 novembre 2003 Macintosh 2004Genre Jeu vidéo de courseMode de jeu Solo, multijoueurPlate-forme Xbox, PlayStation 2, Microsoft Windows, macOSÉvaluation ...

 

Tite

Tite Tite pada tahun 2018Informasi pribadiNama lengkap Adenor Leonardo BacchiTanggal lahir 25 Mei 1961 (umur 62)Tempat lahir Caxias do Sul, BrasilTinggi 185 m (606 ft 11 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub saat ini Brasil (pelatih)Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)1978–1984 Caxias 1984–1985 Esportivo-RS 15 (1)1985–1986 Portuguesa 18 (5)1986–1989 Guarani Kepelatihan1990–1991 Grêmio Atlético Guarany1991–1992 Caxias1992–1995 Veranópolis1996–199...

 

Lawrence G. Williams

American politician Lawrence Gordon WilliamsMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Pennsylvania's 7th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1967 – January 3, 1975Preceded byGeorge WatkinsSucceeded byBob Edgar Personal detailsBorn(1913-09-15)September 15, 1913Pittsburgh, PennsylvaniaDiedJuly 13, 1975(1975-07-13) (aged 61)Philadelphia, PennsylvaniaPolitical partyRepublicanAlma materDrexel Institute of Technology Lawrence Gordon Williams (September 15, 1913 – Jul...

Pectoral (Ancient Egypt)

Breast ornament worn in Ancient Egypt Senusret II's pectoral, by 1878 BC. Hieroglyphs: Ankh, Huh (god)-(=millions), Shen ring, scarab, Ra, Water Ripple, Sun-rising hieroglyph, uraeus The pectorals of ancient Egypt were a form of jewelry, often in the form of a brooch. They are often also amulets, and may be so described. They were mostly worn by richer people and the pharaoh. One type is attached with a nah necklace, suspended from the neck and lying on the breast. Statuary from the Old Kingd...

 

Aichi E11A

Aichi E11ADescrizioneTipoidroricognitore notturno Equipaggio3 Costruttore Aichi Data primo vologiugno 1937 Utilizzatore principale Dai-Nippon Teikoku Kaigun Kōkū Hombu Esemplari17 Dimensioni e pesiLunghezza10,71 m Apertura alare14,49 m Altezza4,52 m Superficie alare46,40 m² Peso a vuoto1 927 kg Peso max al decollo3 297 kg PropulsioneMotoreun Hiro Type 91 Mk.22 Potenza620 hp (455 kW) PrestazioniVelocità max217 km/h (135 mph, 117 kt) Autonomia2 063 km Tangenza4 425 m Arm...

 

Fourth Division 1977-1978

Fourth Division 1977-1978 Competizione Fourth Division Sport Calcio Edizione 20ª Organizzatore Football League Date dal 13 agosto 1977al 1 maggio 1978 Luogo  Inghilterra Galles Partecipanti 24 Formula girone all'italiana A/R Risultati Vincitore Watford(1º titolo) Altre promozioni BrentfordSouthend UnitedSwansea City Statistiche Miglior marcatore Alan Curtis Steve Phillips(32 ex aequo) Incontri disputati 552 Gol segnati 1 427 (2,59 per incontro) Cronologia d...

大字 (数字)

この項目には、一部のコンピュータや閲覧ソフトで表示できない文字が含まれています（詳細）。 数字の大字（だいじ）は、漢数字の一種。通常用いる単純な字形の漢数字（小字）の代わりに同じ音の別の漢字を用いるものである。 概要 壱万円日本銀行券（「壱」が大字） 弐千円日本銀行券（「弐」が大字） 漢数字には「一」「二」「三」と続く小字と、「壱」「�...

 

Bedřich Feigl

Czech-Jewish painter, graphic designer and illustrator Bedřich FeiglBornMarch 6, 1884Prague, BohemiaDiedDecember 17, 1965London, EnglandSignature Bedřich Feigl (also known as Friedrich Feigl; 6 March 1884 – 17 December 1965) was a Czech-Jewish painter, graphic designer and illustrator. Biography Feigl studied at the Prague Academy of Fine Arts with Vlaho Bukovac and Franz Thiele. In 1906, he travelled through Europe with Emil Filla and Antonín Procházka. In Berlin he became familiar wit...

 

奥斯卡尔·托尔普

此條目可参照英語維基百科相應條目来扩充。 (2022年1月1日)若您熟悉来源语言和主题，请协助参考外语维基百科扩充条目。请勿直接提交机械翻译，也不要翻译不可靠、低品质内容。依版权协议，译文需在编辑摘要注明来源，或于讨论页顶部标记{{Translated page}}标签。 奥斯卡尔·托尔普出生1893年6月8日 逝世1958年5月1日  （64歲）奥斯陆 職業政治人物 政党工党...

Jayanta Chattopadhyay

Bangladeshi actor and reciter Jayanto Chattopadhyayজয়ন্ত চট্টোপাধ্যায়Born (1946-07-28) 28 July 1946 (age 77)[1]Satkhira, Bengal, British India[2]NationalityBangladeshiOccupation(s)Actor, Reciter, executive producerYears active1971–presentChildren2 Jayanto Chattopadhyay (born 28 July 1946) is a Bangladeshi actor and reciter. He studied English literature from Calcutta University. He portrayed the famous character Misir Ali in ...

 

سفارة تونس لدى موريتانيا

سفارة تونس لدى موريتانيا تونس موريتانيا البلد موريتانيا  المكان نواكشوط العنوان RUE DES AMBASSADES TVZ السفير صبري شعباني الاختصاص موريتانيا  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   سفارة تونس لدى موريتانيا هي البعثة الدبلوماسية لجمهورية تونس لدى جمهورية موريتانيا، وتقع بالعاصمة نواكشوط.[...

 

Operation Michael

See also: Allied Troop Movements During Operation Michael 1918 German offensive during World War I Operation MichaelPart of the German spring offensive in World War IEvolution of the front line during the battleDate21 March – 5 April 1918LocationNorthern FranceResult See Aftermath sectionTerritorialchanges Germans penetrate British lines up to 40 mi (64 km) while seizing 1,200 sq mi (3,100 km2) of territoryBelligerents  German Empire  British Empire  ...

Capital punishment in Michigan

Abolished for murder in 1846, for treason in 1963 Michigan lawGreat Seal of Michigan Constitution Michigan Ballot proposals Laws Michigan Compiled Laws Courts Michigan Supreme Court Michigan Court of Appeals Michigan Circuit Courts Courts of Michigan Michigan Court of Claims Michigan district courts Courts of Michigan Civil rights law LGBT rights in Michigan Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act Michigan Religious Freedom Restoration Act Criminal law Capital punishment in Michigan Felony murder rul...

 

Dahlonega Mint

Former branch of the United States Mint in Dahlonega, Georgia Students at North Georgia College practice military drill in front of the former Dahlonega Mint in 1877 or 1878. The college used the building from 1873 until it burned down in 1878. 34°31′48″N 83°59′14″W / 34.5299°N 83.9871°W / 34.5299; -83.9871The Dahlonega Mint was a former branch of the United States Mint built during the Georgia Gold Rush to help the miners get their gold assayed and minted,...