Alfa-kwasy

Wzór strukturalny humulonu

Alfa-kwasy (α-kwasy) – grupa organicznych związków chemicznych o gorzkim smaku występujących w szyszkach chmielu. Głównym związkiem z tej grupy jest humulon, pozostałe α-kwasy różnią się podstawnikami[1]. Zaliczane są one do żywic chmielowych[2]. Zawartość α-kwasów jest jedną z najważniejszych cech jakościowych chmielu. Zarówno masa, jak i skład wytworzonych w szyszkach chmielowych α-kwasów zależą od odmiany chmielu (aromatyczny, goryczkowy), warunków pogodowych i położenia geograficznego. W zależności od sezonu ten sam gatunek chmielu może zawierać odmienne ilości α-kwasów.

Zawartość α-kwasów w chmielu produkowanym w Polsce[3]
Nazwa chmielu Zawartość α-kwasów
Lubelski 2,0–3,2%
Lomik 3,8–5,0%
Sybilla 5,2–8,0%
Marynka 8,6–10,4%
Izabella 6,5–8,5%
Oktawia 7,0–9,3%
Iunga 9,3–13,2%
Zula 7,6–13,2%

Zawartość α-kwasów w chmielu ma największe znaczenie w piwowarstwie, gdyż stopień nachmielenia piwa określa się przez ilość α-kwasów, jakie powinny się w nim znaleźć. α-kwasy nie są rozpuszczalne w zimnej wodzie. Dopiero w trakcie gotowania brzeczki piwnej następuje proces izomeryzacji (przekształcenia) w rozpuszczalne izo-α-kwasy (izohumulony), nadające piwu charakterystyczną goryczkę[4].

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Jan Urban i inni, Absolute Configuration of Beer′s Bitter Compounds, „Angewandte Chemie International Edition”, 52 (5), 2013, s. 1553–1555, DOI: 10.1002/anie.201208450.
  2. ↑ Leszek Rum, Ilustrowany leksykon piwa, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Kurpisz, 2005, s. 47.
  3. ↑ Urszula Skomra, Polskie odmiany chmielu mogą konkurować z zagranicznymi, „Biuletyn Chmielarski”, nr 2 (29), luty 2004.
  4. ↑ Marek Bolibok, Użyteczne składniki chmielu, „Biuletyn Chmielarski”, nr 12 (27), grudzień 2003.

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