Termodiffusjon

Termodiffusjon er en delvis separering av isotoper (atom av samme grunnstoff, men med ulik masse) i et fluid (væske eller gass) på grunn av temperaturforskjeller i fluidet. Metoden brukes for å anrike et stoff på den lettere eller tyngre av to isotoper som er til stede i stoffet.

I Clusius' termodiffusjonsrør, som blir brukt for gasser, går en varmetråd langs aksen av et langt rør, mens rørveggen blir holdt avkjølt. Når gass blir ført langsomt gjennom røret, vil den lette isotopen diffundere mot aksen, den tunga mot rørveggen. Ved å samle opp gassen som strømmer ut nær aksen, for seg og la denne gjennomgå samme prosess en rekke ganger, kan man etter hvert oppnå betydelig anriking. Metoden er energikrevende og blir for kostbar til for eksempel anriking av uran i industriell målestokk, men blir brukt fordi metoden er enkel for å skape små mengder av spesielle isotoper til vitenskapelig formål.

Termodiffusjon har i dag avløst atmolyse til å skille isotoper fra hverandre.

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