Samaria (region)

Høydene i Samaria, 2011.
Kart over de nordlige og sørlige kongerikene i oldtidens Israel og Judea. Samaria var hovedstaden til kongeriket Israel (i blått). 830-årene fvt.

Samaria, eller Shomron,[a] er en fjellrik region i dagens Palestina (oldtidens Israel) i den nordlige delen av det geografiske området vest for Jordanelven, løselig tilsvarende til den nordlige delen av Vestbredden. Navnet er avledet fra oldtidens by Samaria, en gang hovedstaden i kongedømmet Israel.[1] Navnet samaritan kommer av navnet på regionen. I løpet av seksdagerskrigen i 1967 ble hele Vestbredden erobret av Israel. Jordan avsto sitt krav til området til Palestinas frigjøringsorganisasjon (PLO) i november 1988. I 1994 ble kontrollen av Områdene 'A' og 'B' overført til de palestinske myndighetene.

Etymologi

Navnet Samaria har bibelsk opprinnelse, avledet fra det individuelle navnet (eller kanskje stammenavnet) Shemer, som kong Omri av Israel kjøpte stedet fra, i henhold til Første Kongebok 16:24.[2] Det var det eneste navnet som ble benyttet for dette området fra oldtiden og fram til Jordans erobring av det i 1948. På det tidspunktet opprettet jordanerne begrepet «Vestbredden».[3]

Geografi

I nord grenser Samaria til Jisreeldalen; i øst av Jordandalen; i vest av Karmelberget (i nord) og den fruktbare sletten Saron (i vest); i sør av fjellene ved Jerusalem. I bibelsk tid ble det sagt at Samaria «nådde fra Middelhavet til Jordandalen»,[4] inkludert Karmelberget og Saronsletten. Fjellene i Samaria er ikke særlig høye og når sjelden over 800 meter. Klimaet er mer gjestmildt enn klimaet lengre sør.

Se også

Fotnoter

Type nummerering
  1. ^ hebraisk: שומרון‎, Šoməron; gresk: Σαμάρεια; arabisk: سامريّون‎, Sāmariyyūn eller السامرة, as-Samarah – også kjent som جبال نابلس, Jibal Nablus

Referanser

  1. ^ Harvard Expedition to Samaria, 1908–1910, Harvard University
  2. ^ Nettbibelen: Første Kongebok 16:24[død lenke]
  3. ^ «This Side of the River Jordan; On Language», Forward, Philologos, 22. september 2010.
  4. ^ Nelson's Encyclopædia, London, 1907, v. IX, s. 204

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