Reichspräsident

Rikspresidentpalasset på Wilhelmstraße i Berlin.

Reichspräsident (norsk: rikspresident) var tittelen på statsoverhodet i Tyskland (Deutsches Reich) fra 1919 til 1945.

Historikk

Embetet ble opprettet ved Weimarforfatningen ved keiserdømmets fall og opprettelsen av Tyskland som republikk. Presidenten ble valgt for sju år av gangen og kunne gjenvelges.

Sosialdemokraten Friedrich Ebert ble valgt til den første presidenten av nasjonalforsamlingen i Weimar i 1919. Hans partiløse etterfølger Paul von Hindenburg ble valgt i 1925 og 1932. Etter Hindenburgs død innlemmet Adolf Hitler rikspresidentembetet i sitt eget Reichskanzlerembete.

Karl Dönitz ble av Adolf Hitler testamentarisk utnevnt til Reichspräsident ved Hitlers død 30. april 1945. Ved arrestasjonen av Dönitz 23. mai 1945 opphørte i praksis hans embetsperiode.

Reichspräsidenten

# Portrett Navn
(Født-Død) 		Tiltrådte Fratrådte Parti
1 Friedrich Ebert
(1871-1925)		 11. februar 1919 28. februar 1925
(i embetet til sin død)		 SPD
2 Paul von Hindenburg
(1847-1934)		 12. mai 1925 2. august 1934
(i embetet til sin død)		 Partiløs
3 Adolf Hitler
(1889-1945)
(Führer og rikskansler)		 2. august 1934 30. april 1945
(selvmord)		 NSDAP
4 Karl Dönitz
(1891-1980)		 30. april 1945 23. mai 1945
(arrestert; embetet nedlagt)		 NSDAP

Fungerende Reichspräsident

Fra Friederich Eberts død 28. februar 1925 og fram til Paul von Hindenburg avla eden i Riksdagen 12. mai 1925 hadde Tyskland to fungerende presidenter.

I egenskap av å være rikskansler overtok Hans Luther (1879–1962) midlertidig presidentens funksjoner 28. februar 1925 (Reichsverfassung, 1919, artikkel 51).[1] Han satt til 12. mars 1925.

Riksdagen vedtok 10. mars 1925 Gesetz über die Stellvertretung des Reichspräsidenten. Ifølge §1 skulle presidenten for Reichsgericht utnevnes som den avdøde presidentens stedfortreder.[2] President for Reichsgericht, Walter Simons (1865–1937), var fungerende Reichspräsident 12. mars 1925–12. mai 1925.[3]

Standarter

Rikspresidentens standarter (flagg) i ulike perioder.

  • 1919–1921
    1919–1921
  • 1921–1926
    1921–1926
  • 1926–1933
    1926–1933
  • 1933–1934
    1933–1934
  • 1934–1945
    1934–1945
  • 30. april 1945–23. mai 1945
    30. april 1945–23. mai 1945

Se også

Referanser

  1. ^ «Hans Luther». Archontology. Besøkt 7. juli 2019. 
  2. ^ «Germany: Legislation». Archontology. Besøkt 7. juli 2019. 
  3. ^ «Walter Simons». Archontology. Besøkt 7. juli 2019. 

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