Rabbanittisk jødedom

Eldre som studerer Talmud, illustrasjon 1915.

Rabbanittisk jødedom (hebraisk: יהדות רבנית, Yahadut Rabanit) er den hovedretningen av jødedommen som regner Misjná og Talmúd som religiøst autoritative skrifter ved siden av Tanákh. Rabbanittene blir regnet som arvtagere etter fariseerne.

I motsetning til rabbanittisk jødedom står karaittisk jødedom — en retning som mener at Tanákh (som de gjerne kaller Mikrá) alene er religiøst bindende, og at Misjná og Talmúd ikke har noen kanonisk autoritet. Karaittene selv regner seg som arvtagere etter saddukeerne.

Rabbanittisk jødedom er videreført hovedsakelig gjennom mizrahisk, sefardisk, italiensk, jemenittisk og askenasisk jødedom.

Rabbinsk jødedom har sine røtter i den fariseiske skolen for det andre tempelets jødedom, og er basert på troen på at Moses ved Sinaifjellet mottok både den Skrevne Tora (Torah she-be-Khetav) og den Muntlige Tora (Torah she-be-al Peh) fra Gud. Den muntlige tora, overført muntlig, forklarer den skriftlige tora. Til å begynne med var det forbudt å skrive ned den muntlige tora, men etter ødeleggelsen av det andre tempelet ble det besluttet å skrive det ned i form av Talmud og andre rabbinske tekster for bevaringens skyld.[1][2]

Grupper som ikke kjente til den talmudiske litteraturen, og som dermed faller utenfor skismaet mellom rabbanismen og karaismen omfatter Beta Israel fra Etiopia og Bené Israel fra India. Disse gruppene er i nyere tid i økende grad blitt integrert i rabbanittisk jødedom.

Referanser

  1. ^ Jacobs, Louis (1984): The Book of Jewish Belief. Behrman House, Inc. ISBN 978-0-87441-379-3; s. 19–20.
  2. ^ Shahar, Yael (2. oktober 2018): «Is Rabbinic Judaism authentic? Musings on living Torah», The Blogs.

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