Port-au-Prince-jordskjelvet 1770

Port-au-Prince-jordskjelvet 1770
Basisinformasjon
Dato3. juni 1770
Magnitude7,5 Mw (estimert)
Dybde10 km
Episentrum18°25′N 72°47′V
Berørte områderSaint-Domingue og Jamaica
Omkomne250+
TsunamiJa
Posisjon
Port-au-Prince-jordskjelvet 1770 ligger i Haiti
Port-au-Prince-jordskjelvet 1770
Port-au-Prince-jordskjelvet 1770 (Haiti)

Port-au-Prince-jordskjelvet 1770 fant sted kl 19.15 den 3. juni 1770 nær Port-au-Prince i Saint-Domingue, den franske kolonien som nå er landet Haiti.[1] Det anslås å ha hatt en styrke på 7,5 Mw. Det innebærer at det var meget sterkere enn jordskjelvet i 2010 ( 7,0 Mw).

Jordskjelvet var kraftig nok til å ødelegge Port-au-Prince, og det raserte alle bygninger mellom Miragoânesjøen og Petit-Goâve, vest for Port-au-Prince. På Cul-de-Sac-sletten, en forsenkning som strekker seg fra under Port-au-Prince og østover inn i Den dominikanske republikk, inntraff det voldsomme kvikkleireras. Grunnen under Port-au-Prince ble flytende (likvifisert), og dermed brøt alle bygningene der sammen, også dem som hadde overlevd jordskjelvet i 1751.[1] Én landsby, Croix des Bouquets, sank ned under havoverflaten.[2] Sterke skjelvinger ble følt så langt unna som i Cap-Haïtien, om lag 160 km fra det antatte episenteret ved Léogâne. Noen skorsteiner på Jamaica raste sammen.[1] Jordskjelvet genererte en tsunami skyllet i land langs Gonâvebukta, og noen steder trengte den kanskje 7,2 km inn i landet i Cul-de-Sac-forsenkningen (skjønt det kan ha vært i sammenheng med leirraset der).[3]

Det er blitt anslått at 200 mennesker omkom i sammenraste bygninger i Port-au-Prince,[1] hvorav 79 av de 80 som var inne i Port-au-Princes hospital.[2] Tapstallene kunne lett ha vært høyere, men forut for selve hovedskjelvet kom det en kraftig brumlelyd som gav folk tid til å rømme ut av sine hus. Hovedskjelvet var todelt og varte i fire minutter.[1] Femti mennesker døde i Léogâne.[3]

Etter jordskjelvet døde mange flere. Tusenvis av slaver rømte under kaoset, noe som utløste økonomisk sammenbrudd. Kanskje 15.000 slaver døde under den hungersnøden dette førte til. I tillegg døde 15.000 mennesker av det som antas å ha vært miltbrann utløst av dårlig kjøtt kjøpt fra spanske handelsmenn.[4]

Referanser

  1. ^ a b c d e Scherer, J. (1912). «Great earthquakes in the island of Haiti». Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 2: 174–179. 
  2. ^ a b Boswell, James (1770). «France». The Scots Magazine. 32 (August): 447–448. 
  3. ^ a b O'Loughlin, Karen Fay (2003). Caribbean Tsunamis: A 500-Year History from 1498–1998. Springer. s. 85-86280. ISBN 978-1402017179. Besøkt 14. januar 2010. 
  4. ^ Sublette, Ned (2007). Cuba and Its Music: From the First Drums to the Mambo, Volume 1. Chicago Review Press. s. 108668. ISBN 978-1556526329. 
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