Mururoa

Mururoa
Ligger vedStillehavet
Areal15 kvadratkilometer
Befolkning0 (2017)
Bef.tetthet0 innb./kvadratkilometer
Kart
Mururoa
21°50′00″S 138°55′00″V
Mururoa på Commons
Oversiktskart

Moruroa, eller Mururoa, er en atoll i Fransk Polynesia i Stillehavet.

Geografi

Moruroa ligger i øygruppen Tuamotuøyene og ligger ca. 1 250 km sydøst for Tahiti.

Atollen har et areal på ca. 300 km² og er ubebodd. Den høyeste toppen er kun et par moh. da Moruroa er en korallatoll, og i nærheten ligger også Fangataufa-atollen.

Historie

Moruroa har trolig aldri vært bebodd. Øyen ble oppdaget av britiske Philip Carteret i 1767.

I 1903 ble atollen innlemmet, sammen med øvrige øyer innenfor Tuamotugruppen, i det nyskapte Établissements Français de l'Océanie (Fransk Oseania).

Atollen ble etablert som et prøvesprengningsområde for atomvåpen 21. september 1962, og den første prøvesprengningen ble utført den 2. juli 1966. Mellom 1966 og 1996 detonerte 41 atombomber atmosfærisk over jordoverflaten og 147 atombomber under jordoverflaten frem til 1974 og den siste prøvesprengningen ble utført den 27. januar 1996.

Den 10. juli 1985 ble Greenpeaces fartøy «Rainbow Warrior», som var på vei til Moruroa, senket av den franske etterretningstjenesten DGSE i Aucklands havn på New Zealand.[1]

I 1995 meddelte den franske presidenten Jacques Chirac at Frankrike ville fortsette å prøvesprenge kjernevåpen i atollen. Dette ledet til store protester i hele verden, blant annet ble franske varer boikottet, og planene ble skrinlagt.

Atollen er i dag et avsperret område.

Litteratur

  • Beech, Hannah; Ferguson, Adam (30. juli 2024). «Olympic Surfing Comes to a ‘Poisoned’ Paradise»Betalt abonnement kreves. The New York Times (på engelsk). 
  • Wright, Gerry (2015). Operation Pilaster: The Story of the Voyages by the Frigates HMNZ Ships Otago and Canterbury, Supported by the Australian Naval Tanker, HMAS Supply, to Protest Against the French Atmospheric Nuclear Tests at Mururoa Atoll in 1973. Auckland: Gerry Wright. ISBN 9780473327712. 

Referanser

  1. ^ Jeffrey T. Richelson: A Century of Spies: Intelligence in the Twentieth Century, New York: Oxford University Press, 1997, s. 404–5: «At 11:38 P.M. on July 10, 1985, a bomb tore a 3 ½ by 10-foot hole in the engine room of the Rainbow Warrior as it lay docked at New Zealand's Auckland harbor. [...] The attack, as the world would soon discover, was no accident; it was a covert operation carried out by officers of the French DGSE.» Lest 31. mars 2015 via Questia (krever abonnement).

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