Marlatt og Gordons kognitive atferdsmodell

Marlatts og Gordons kognitive atferdsmodell er en modell som illustrerer prosessen ved et tilbakefall, eller at en klarer å stå imot, når en skal endre en negativ helseatferd. Modellen er utviklet av G. Alan Marlatt og J.R. Gordon (1985).

Tilbakefall er et stort problem ved blant annet rusmiddelavhengighet, tvangshandlinger, overvekt og depresjon, og ofte en viktig komponent i helseintervensjonsprogrammer.[1] Modellen til Marlatt og Gordon illustrerer hva som skjer når en person som ønsker å endre en negativ helseatferd befinner seg i en høyrisikosituasjon, som dermed gjør en ekstra sårbar for et eventuelt tilbakefall eller glipp. Dette kan medføre både positive og negative konsekvenser, som blir illustrert i figuren til høyre:

Marlatt og Gordons modell

Som illustrert øverst i denne figuren, kan man se hva som skjer når en person har utviklet en adekvat mestringsrespons, som derfor vil hemme muligheten for et tilbakefall. En adekvat mestringsrespons kan blant annet være og på forhånd øve seg på hva man skal gjøre i høyrisikosituasjoner, eller såkalt "self talk", altså at man oppmuntrer seg selv gjennom hele høyrisikosituasjonen.[2] Dette vil da igjen føre til økt mestringstro, som på sikt vil føre til redusert sannsynlighet for tilbakefall, både i samme og i lignende situasjoner.

Illustrert nederst i figuren, viser dette hva som skjer når en person befinner seg i en høyrisikosituasjon og ikke har utviklet en adekvat mestringsrespons. Dette vil da føre til at følelsen av selvkontroll minskes, og belønningen som forventes med den negative atferden kan virke mer tiltalende. Personen vil da ha et tilbakefall, eller en glipp som blir vurdert som et mindre alvorlig tilbakefall. Dette kan føre til dissonans på grunn av en konflikt mellom det selvet man ønsker å være og det selvet man viser seg å være, å attribuere et tilbakefall til et personlighetstrekk er også svært kontraproduktivt. Ved at denne personen ikke klarer å overholde de reglene en har satt for seg selv, kan dette også føre til en følelse av å miste kontroll – dermed er det økt sannsynlighet for flere tilbakefall, eller at en i verste fall velger å gi opp.

Denne modellen viser betydningen av å ha utviklet en adekvat mestringsrespons, siden dette øker mestringstro og følelsen av selvkontroll. Det er da større sannsynlighet for at denne personen fortsetter å følge helseintervensjonsprogrammet.[trenger referanse]

Se også

Referanser

  1. ^ Taylor, Shelley E.(2008): Health Psychology, 7th Edition, London: McGraw-Hill
  2. ^ Marlatt, G. A et. al, (1986), Understanding and Preventing Relapse, American Psychologist, Vol 4, No. 7, 765-782

Litteratur

  • Taylor, Shelley E.(2008): Health Psychology, 7th Edition, London: McGraw-Hill
  • Marlatt, G. A et. al, (1986), Understanding and Preventing Relapse, American Psychologist, Vol 4, No. 7, 765-782
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