MAPK/ERK-signaltransduksjonsveien

Forenklet MAPK/ERK-signaltransduksjonsvei i en celle med tilhørende proteiner og enzymer

MAPK/ERK er en signaltransduksjonsvei som involverer aktivering av enzymet MAPK, som i sin tur blant annet påvirker transkripsjonsfaktorer. MAPK/ERK-veien aktiveres blant annet av cytokinreseptorer med assosierte januskinaser, en form av tyrosinkinase. MAPK er likevel en serin/treoninkinase, som også fosforylerer visse serin- og treoninrester på proteiner.

Signaltransduksjonen innebærer at informasjon fra cellens ytre miljø overføres gjennom membranassosierte reseptorer, som påvirker cellens indre miljø via en signaltransduksjonskjede.

Delreaksjoner

  • Når en cytokin- eller tyrosinkinasereseptor aktiveres, blir den fosforylert, noe som gjør at den kan lage et adapterprotein som kalles GRB2.
  • GRB2 forbinder reseptoren med et annet protein som kalles SOS, som er en form for guaninutvekslingsfaktor. GRB aktiverer også SOS[1].
  • SOS vil påvirke G-proteinet RAS, slik at det gir fra seg et assosiert guanosindifosfat, GDP. I stedet binder det til seg et guanosintrifosfat, GTP. Dette medfører at enzymet blir aktivt så det kan fosforylere enzymet RAF[2].
  • RAF kalles også MAPKKK eller MAP-kinasekinasekinase, siden det fosforylerer og aktiverer neste enzym i kjeden, MEK.
  • MEK kalles også for MAP-kinasekinase, og det fosforylerer i sin tur MAPK.
  • MAPK i sin tur fosforylerar en mengde ulike målproteiner, eksempelvis transkripsjonsfaktorer som ERK.

Hvert enzym i MAPKKK-MAPK-kjeden kan fosforylere flere enzymer, og på den måten kan signaler fra en aktivert reseptor påvirke et stort antall målproteiner.

Referanser

  1. ^ «Grb2 is a negative modulator of the intrinsic Ras-GEF activity of hSos1». Molecular Biology of the Cell. 17 (8): 3591–7. august 2006. PMC 1525251Åpent tilgjengelig. PMID 16760435. doi:10.1091/mbc.E05-12-1104. 
  2. ^ «Ras activation of the Raf kinase: tyrosine kinase recruitment of the MAP kinase cascade». Recent Progress in Hormone Research. 56 (1): 127–55. 2001. PMID 11237210. doi:10.1210/rp.56.1.127. Arkivert fra originalen . Besøkt 9. november 2015. 
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