Jonisk søyleorden

Jonisk søyleorden

Den joniske søyleorden ble utviklet i det østlige Hellas; de eldste kjente eksemplarene er fra Smyrna, om lag 600 f.Kr. Templet Erekteion i Athen er et av de best kjente eksemplene på den fullt utviklede joniske arkitektur.

Den joniske søylen er noe slankere enn den doriske, har vanligvis basis, og kapitelet har form av en halvt utrullet pergamentrull med uthugde blomsterbånd, volutter. Søylen har også dype kannelyrer. Det joniske entablementet (bjelkeverket) har nederst en arkitrav som vanligvis er delt i tre like høye bånd. Den bærer frisen, som kan være glatthugget eller utstyrt med relieffskulptur. Øverst følger en gesims (kornisj) som hos grekerne var sammensatt av to ledd, karniss og kyma. I romersk arkitektur ble gesimsen beriket med kraftigere tannsnitt og eggstav.

Basis i joniske søyler består vanligvis av en nedre og øvre vulst eller torus, med en hulkil imellom. Søyleskaftet har mindre utpreget entasis enn i doriske søyler, og det har helst 24 kannelurer, adskilt av smale fremskytende rygger hvor utsiden er en del av søyleskaftets sylinder.

Den joniske søyleorden ble mye brukt i klassisistisk arkitektur. To kjente eksempler i Oslo er Slottet (med glatte, ikke kannelerte søyleskaft i fronten) og Universitetsbygningen.

Se også

Litteratur

  • Ahlstrand, Jan Torsten.; Arkitekturtermer. Lund: Studentlitteratur, 1976, ISBN 91-44-02852-0

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