Hermannsfeste

Hermannsfeste
LandEstland
StedNarva
Kart
Kart
Hermannsfeste
59°22′32″N 28°12′03″Ø
Hermannsfeste på Commons
Borgen sett fra vest med broen over til Russland
Borgen sett fra øst
Borgen sett fra sørøst med Ivangorod festning på andre siden av Narvaelven
Borgen sett fra sørvest med deler av parken rundt
Borgen med Hermannstårnet

Hermannsfeste, også kalt Hermannsburg, Herman borg, Narva borg og Narva festning) (estisk: Hermanni linnus) er en borg i Narva i det østlige Estland.

Dansketiden

Det ble grunnlagt i 1256 av danskene som på denne tiden hadde erobret det nordlige Estland, og de bygget først en grensebefestning av tre der hvor den gamle veien krysset Narvaelven. Under beskyttelse av dette støttepunktet vokste byen Narva fram. Borgen er første gang nevnt i kilder fra 1277.[1] Narva er nevnt i den danske boken, Kong Valdemars jordebok, i 1241. Narva fikk i 1345 Lübeck byrettigheter fra danskekongen Valdemar Atterdag.[2]

En rekke konflikter med russerne førte til at danskene påbegynte bygging av en fortifikasjon av stein på begynnelsen av 1300-tallet.[2] Dette var en 40 meter langt kastell-lignende bygning med tårn, en forløper det til det senere Hermannstårnet, i det nordvestlige hjørnet.[2] Det ble også etablert en liten borggård på den nordlige siden, mens det på midten av samme århundre ble bygget en større borggård på vestsiden, hvor byens befolkning kunne søke beskyttelse i krig, da selve byen under det danske styret ikke var beskyttet av en bymur.

Under Sverdbroderordenen

Sverdbroderordenen innen Den tyske orden kjøpte borgen sammen med andre store deler av det nordlige Estland 29. august 1346 og for det meste av borgens historie var borgen i denne ridderordenens eie. Dette var det østligste av Den tyske ordens borger. Sverdbroderordenen bygget om anlegget slik at det skulle bedre møte deres behov, herunder ferdigstillelsen av Hermannstårnet.

Sverdbroderordenens utvidelser kom også på bakgrunn av at Ivan III av Russland etablerte i 1492 Ivangorod festning på andre siden av Narvaelven.

Senere

Borgen var i årene 1558 til 1704 under svensk kontroll, og ble deretter erobret av russiske styrker under tsar Peter den store under den store nordiske krig.

Nyere tid

Under andre verdenskrig ble borgen sammen med hele Narva ganske ødelagt. Dagens restaurerte borg huser Narva museum .

Referanser

  1. ^ Kivimäe, Jüri (2004): «Medieval Narva: Featuring a Small Town between East and West», i Brüggemann, Karsten: Narva and the Baltic Sea Region, Narva: Narva College på Universitetet i Tartu ISBN 9985404173
  2. ^ a b c Fra museets nettsider

Eksterne lenker

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