Heim ins Reich

Heim ins Reich (tysk: «Hjem til Riket») var en parole som ble brukt som politisk slagord i Nazityskland. Uttrykket stammer fra 1920-årene - det er ikke korrekt at det først ble introdusert under Sudetkrisen.

Tidlig bruk av slagordet

I 1921/1922 utkom i Düsseldorf på Verlag Dobler Heim ins Reich. Zeitschrift für den Anschluß Deutschösterreichs und das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der anderen angrenzenden deutschen Gebiete des ehem. Oesterreich-Ungarn.

I 1923 utkom i Graz i stort opplag en kartong med påskriften Heim ins Reich! Friedensverträge sind nur Menschenwerk!

«Oesterreichisch-Deutsche Volksbund in Berlin» hadde i 1924 et Heim ins Reich-Verlag, som frem til høsten 1933 utgav et månedstidsskrift med dette navn, og som gikk inn for at Østerrike skulle forenes med Tyskland.[1]

I 1925 arrangerte NSDAP i Wien en tilstelning for Østerrikes innlemmelse i Tyskjland, og uttrykket Heim ins Reich! ble benyttet på plakatene.[2]

Ordene benyttes også for eksempek i et brev fra Saarbrücker Bekenntnissynode av 17. april 1934, rettet til Hitler.[3] Parolen ble også benyttet i forkant av Saaravstemmingen den 13. januar 1935.[4] Lignende slagord i avstemningskampen var «Deutsche Mutter, heim zu dir» og «Nix wie hemm».[5]

Ordene ble svært hyppig brukt både i forbindelse med Østerrike og Sudetenland i årene som fulgte.

Sudetkrisen

Parolen be benyttet av Konrad Henlein, som under Sudetkrisen den 15. september 1938 spredte et opprop som sluttet med ordene:

«Wir wollen als freie deutsche Menschen leben! Wir wollen wieder Frieden und Arbeit in unserer Heimat! Wir wollen heim ins Reich! Gott segne uns und unseren gerechten Kampf.»[6]

«Vi vil leve som frie tyske mennesker! Vi vil ha arbeid og fred i vår hjembygd! Vi vil hjem til Riket! Gud signe oss og vår rettferdige kamp.»

Heim ins Reich som kampanje innebar at alle tyskere som bodde utenfor Tyskland skulle forenes i Großdeutschland. Hitler krevde at tyskspråklige områder, for eksempel Østerrike og Sudettyskland, skulle inkorporeres i Det tredje rike. Denne ekspansionspolitikk bidro i høy grad til annen verdenskrigs utbrudd i 1939.

Litteratur

  • R.L. Koehl RKFDV: German Resettlement and Population Policy 1939-1945 (Cambridge MA, 1957).
  • Anthony Komjathy and Rebecca Stockwell German Minorities and the Third Reich: Ethnic Germans of East Central Europe between the Wars (New York and London, 1980).
  • Valdis O. Lumans Himmler's Auxiliaries: The Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the German National Minorities of Europe, 1933-1945 (Chapel Hill NC and London, 1993).

Referanser

  1. ^ profilm / Jahr 1924 Arkivert 19. april 2014 hos Wayback Machine. (sett 24. august 2010)
  2. ^ Heim ins Reich! Anschluß-Kundgebung, Dienstag, 28. April 1925 abends in Kells Saal «Zum Auge Gottes», Erste Wiener Vereinsbuchdruckerei, Wien 1925, i: Bildarchiv und Graphiksammlung der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek, Wien
  3. ^ (de) Joachim Conrad: «NOLD, Hubert Leopold Christian» i Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Bind 24, Nordhausen 2005, ISBN 3-88309-247-9, sp. 1132–1138.
  4. ^ Hans-Jürgen John: Vor 65 Jahren: «Nix wie hemm.» 'i: Saarbrücker Zeitung av 13. januar 2000.
  5. ^ Im nationalistischen Taumel. i: Saarbrücker Zeitung av 24. april 2004.
  6. ^ Wolfgang Benz, m.fl: Enzyklopädie des Nationalsozialismus, München 1997, ISBN 3-608-91805-1, s 505.
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