Den syriske ørken

Syriske ørken, NASA World Wind
Den syriske ørken et sted mellom Dair-Az-Zur og Tadmor (Palmyra)

Den syriske ørken (arabisk: بادية الشام, Bādiyat ash-Sham), også kjent som den syrisk-arabiske ørken, er en kombinasjon av steppe og ørken og ligger nord for Den arabiske halvøy. Ørkenen har et areal på 520 000 km².[1]

Den syriske ørken dekker deler av Syria, Irak, Jordan og Saudi-Arabia. Dens grenser i vest er Orontesdalen og Eufrat i øst. I nord går ørkenen over til de mer fruktbare områdene i nord- og sentral-Syria. I sør glir den over i de ørkener som ligger der.

Mange oaser finnes i Den syriske ørken, blant annet Palmyra. Damaskus også ligger på en oase. Ørkenens landskap ble dannet av lavastrømmer fra den vulkanske regionen i Jabal al-Druze i sørlige Syria. De er skrevet av beduiner og dateres til perioden 1. århundre f.Kr. til 4. århundre e.Kr.

Historisk har ørkenen vært bebodd av nomadiske beduinstammer. Noen stammer bor fortsatt i regionen, nå hovedsakelig i byer og bosetninger nær oaser. Noen beduiner opprettholder fortsatt sin tradisjonelle levemåte i ørkenen. Safaittiske og proto-arabiske tekster/inskripsjoner er funnet flere steder i Den syriske ørkenen.

Referanser

Litteratur

  • Christina Phelps Grant: The Syrian desert: Caravans, Travel and Exploration. Kegan Paul, New York 1937
  • Eugen Wirth: «Morphologische und bodenkundliche Beobachtungen in der syrisch-irakischen Wüste.» I: Erdkunde. Band 12, Hefte 1, Februar 1958, s. 26–42

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