Den østerrikske statstraktat

Den Østrrikske Statstraktat (tysk: Österreichischer Staatsvertrag) eller Østerrikske Uavhengighetstraktat grunnla Østerrike som en selvstendig stat. Den ble underskrevet 15. mai 1955 i Wien^[1] på Schloss Belvedere mellom de allierte okkupasjonsmaktenes utenriksministre (Antoine Pinay for Frankrike, Harold Macmillan for Storbritannia, John Foster Dulles for USA og Vjatsjeslav Molotov for Sovjetunionen) og Østerrikes regjering. Den trådte offisielt i kraft 27. juli 1955. Den allierte okkupasjonen ble deretter avsluttet og styrkene trukket ut.^[1]^[2]

Traktatens fulle tittel var «Traktat for gjenetableringen av et selvstendig og demokratisk Østerrike, underskrevet i Wien 15 maj 1955» (tysk: Staatsvertrag betreffend die Wiederherstellung eines unabhängigen und demokratischen Österreich, gegeben zu Wien am 15. Mai 1955).

Etter andre verdenskrig hadde de allierte okkupert Østerrike og delt landet inn i fire okkupasjonssoner.^[3]^[4] Wien ble delt i soner på samme måte Berlin.^[2] Tidlig i 1946 ble Østerrikes regjering anerkjent og fred ble inngått med Jugoslavia i 1951.^[5] Dulles var tilbakeholden med gjøre landet nøytralt og selvstendig inntil landet hadde tilstrekkelig kapasitet til å motstå en sovjetisk invasjon og et kommunistisk kupp. Ønsket om å gjøre Østerrike nøytralt kom opprinnelig fra Moskva og kan ha vært et forsøk på å hindre Østerrike å gli inn i den USA-dominerte alliansen. Wien var den eneste byen i Winston Churchills «jernteppet»-tale som hadde sklidd ut av den sovjetiske sfæren i løpet av den kalde krigen.^[1]

Referanser

^ ^a ^b ^c Hudson, W. M. (2015). Army Diplomacy: American Military Occupation and Foreign Policy After World War II. University Press of Kentucky.
^ ^a ^b Hills, A. (2000). Britain and the Occupation of Austria, 1943–45. Springer.
^ Det femdelte Tyskland. Oslo: Gyldendal. 1971. ISBN 8205000417.
^ Rastén, Adolph (1965). Vest-Tyskland etter krigen: fra nederlaget 1945 til Erhards dilemma 1965. Oslo: Aschehoug.
^ Fichtner, P. S. (2009). Historical dictionary of Austria (Vol. 70). Scarecrow Press.

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