De forente nasjoners monetære og finansielle konferanse

Mount Washington Hotel

De forente nasjoners monetære og finansielle konferanse, alment omtalt som Bretton Woods-konferansen, var en samling av 730 delegater fra alle de 44 allierte stater i Mount Washington Hotel, i Bretton Woods i New Hampshire i USA, for å bestemme hvordan den internasjonale monetære og finansielle orden skulle reguleres etter Annen Verdenskrig var avsluttet.[1]

Konferansen fant sted fra 1. juli til 22. juli 1944, da man undertegnet avtaler som gav støtet til opprettelsen av Den internasjonale bank for gjenoppbygging og utvikling (IBRD), The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) og Det internasjonale pengefondet (IMF).

Et annet resultat av konferansen var Bretton Woods-systemet for håndtering av konversjoner mellom valutaene. Dette systemet stod ved lag til tidlig i 1970-årene.

Et av de viktigste og mest omstridte vedtakene ved konferansen som også verdt å merke seg er Norges sterke bidrag ved konferansen som var forslaget om likvidering (nedleggelse) av Den internasjonale oppgjørsbanken (BIS), banken som hadde muliggjort og hjulpet nazistene med forflytting av krigsransutbytte og annet. Flere av bankens tidligere styremedlemmer ble senere dømt ved krigsrettssaken i Nürnberg. Likvidering av banken ble til sist faktisk også vedtatt, med sterk støtte fra USA og Roosevelt-administrasjonen, men senere uthalt og forhindret av president Harry S. Truman.

Referanser

  1. ^ Donald Markwell: John Maynard Keynes and International Relations: Economic Paths to War and Peace, Oxford University Press, 2006

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