Chikuzen (provins)

Kart over japanske provinser (1868) med Chikuzen markert

Chikuzen-provinsen (japansk: 筑前国, Chikuzen no kuni) var en gammel provins i Japan i et område som i dag er del av provinsen Fukuoka på øya Kyūshū.[1] Den ble i perioder kalt Chikushū 筑州 eller Chikuyō 筑陽. Chikuzen grenset til provinsene Buzen, Bungo, Chikugo og Hizen.

Historie

Den opprinnelige provinshovedstaden antas å ha vært nær Dazaifu, skjønt Fukuoka ble dominerende i moderne tid.

Mot slutten av 1200-tallet var Chikuzen landsgangssted for en mongolsk invasjonsstyrke. Men hovedstyrken ble ødelagt av en tyfon (senere kalt kamikaze).

I april 1336 avgrep Kikuchi Taketoshi klanen Shonis festning i Dazaifu. På denne tid var Shoni-klanen alliert med Ashikaga Takauji som kjempet mot Go-Daigo. Shoniene ble beseiret, hvorpå mange av dens klanledere begikk selvmord, bland dem derres leder Shoni Sadatsune.[2]

I Meijiperioden ble de japanske provinser omgjort til prefekturer. Det var også grenserevisjoner, i 1870-årene.[3] Samtidig ble provinsen videreført i visse henseender. For eksempel ble Chikuzen eksplisitt anerkjent i traktater i 1894 (a) mellom Japan og USA og (b) mellom Japan og Storbritannia.[4]

Helligdommer og templer

Sumiyoshi jinja

Sumiyoshi-jinja og Hakosaki-gū (Hakozaki-helligdommen?) var Chikuzens viktigste Shinto-helligdommer (ichinomiya).[5]

Referanser

  1. ^ Louis-Frédéric Nussbaum (2005). "Chikuzen" i Japan Encyclopedia, p. 114 fra Google Books.
  2. ^ Sansom, George (1961). A History of Japan, 1334-1615. Stanford University Press. s. 45. ISBN 0804705259. 
  3. ^ Nussbaum, "Provinces and prefectures", s. 780.
  4. ^ US Department of State. (1906). A digest of international law as embodied in diplomatic discussions, treaties and other international agreements (John Bassett Moore, ed.), Vol. 5, p. 759.
  5. ^ "Nationwide List of Ichinomiya," p. 3 Arkivert 17. mai 2013 hos Wayback Machine.; retrieved 2012-1-18.

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