Austroasiatiske språk

Austroasiatiske språk
RegionSør- og Sørøst-Asia
Antall brukere90 000 000
Lingvistisk
klassifikasjon		språkfamilie
Videre inndeling
InndelingMon-khmer
Nikobarisk
Munda
Språkkoder
ISO 639-5aav
Glottologaust1305
Portal: Språk
Austroasiatiske språk på Commons

Austroasiatiske språk er en språkfamilie i Sørøst-Asia og det nordøstlige India. Navnet kommer fra greske ordrøtter og betyr Sør-Asia. De austroasiatiske språkene snakkes ikke i en sammenhengende region, fordi den splittes opp av andre språk og språkfamilier. Det har blitt antatt at talerne av austroasiatiske språk tilhører en veldig gammel befolkning i Sør- og Sørøst-Asia, og at talerne av de andre språkene har kommet til regionen seinere. Blant disse finner man talere av indoeuropeiske språk, tai-kadai-språk og sinotibetanske språk.

De austroasiatiske språkenes inndeling

Språk med minst 1 million som snakker det står i fet skrift. Markeringen >>> viser til viktige språk.

Den følgende inndelinga viser den austroasiatiske språkfamilien med greiner og de viktigste språkene:

Austroasiatisk (157 språk, 95 millioner talere; nordøstlige India, Sørøst-Asia)

  • Mundaspråk (19 språk, 10 millioner talere; nordøstre og sentrale India)
    • Nordlige mundaspråk (10 språk, 9,5 millioner) >>> santali (6 millioner), mundari (1 million), ho (1 million), korku (500 000).
    • Sørlige mundaspråk (9 språk, 600 000) >>> kharia (280 000), sora (300 000).
  • Mon-khmer-språk (132 språk, 85 millioner talere)
    • Khasigruppa (3 språk, 1,1 million talere; nordøstlige India) >>> khasi (1 million), pnar 100 000).
    • Palaung-Wagruppa (20 språk, 1,8 millioner talere; Burma, Sør-Kina, Laos, Thailand) >>> rumai (150 000), shwe (150 000), pale (300 000), wa (600 000), praok (500 000).
    • Kammugruppa (14 språk, 600 000; Laos, Thailand, Vietnam) >>> kammu (500 000).
    • Khmer (1 språk, Kambodsja, Vietnam) >>> kambodsjansk (khmer) (8 millioner, inklusive andrespråkstalere 10 millioner).
    • Katugruppa (16 språk, ca. 1 million; Laos, Thailand, Vietnam) >>> kuy-suei (400 000), so (160 000), bru (130 000).
    • Bahnargruppa (36 språk, 1 million; Vietnam, Laos, Kambodsja) >>> Bahnar (140 000), Ko'ho (Sre) (100 000), Mnong (200 000).
    • Peargruppa (6 språk, 12 000; Kambodsja).
    • Viet-Muonggruppa (10 språk, 71 millioner; Vietnam, Laos) >>> vietnamesisk (70 millioner), muong (1 million).
    • Mon-språk (2 språk, 1 million; Burma), mon (knapt 1 million), nyakhur (maks. 10 000).
    • Palyu-Pakangruppa (5 språk, 15 000; Sør-Kina).
    • Asligruppa (19 språk, 60 000; Malackahalvøya) >>> semang (10 000), senoi (20 000).

Litteratur

  • Benedict, Paul K. (1975): Austro-Thai Language and Culture. New Haven: HRAF Press, ISBN 0-87536-323-7 (Om den austriske og austro-thai-hypotesen)
  • Parkin, Robert (1991): A Guide to Austroasiatic Speakers and Their Languages. (Oceanic Linguistics Special Publication; 23). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, ISBN 0-8248-1377-4

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