At-Tur (Jerusalem)

Pater Noster-kirken i At-Tur
Gate i At-Tur.

At-Tur (arabisk: لطور [1]) er et overveiende arabisk nablag på Oljeberget omlag én kilometer vest for Gamlebyen i Jerusalem. At-Tur ligger i Øst-Jerusalem,[2] som i og med Jerusalemloven ble i gavnet annektert av Israel etter Seksdagerskrigen i 1967.

Historie

Himmelsfartskapellet ligger i At-Tur. Kapellet erhøyest på Oljeberget og utgjør del av et større bygningskompleks med en kirke, et kloster, og en moské. Den er på det sted der kristne tradisjonelt anser som det sted hvorfra Jesus fór opp til himmelen etter sin oppstandelse.

At-Tur oppe på Oljeberget, bildet tatt slik at dalsøkket vestenfor ikke synes, slik sat Klippemoskéen i Gamlebyen kan se ut som nærmeste nabo.
Himmelfartskapellet.

Ottomansk tid

I 1596 kaltes landsbyen Tur Zayta i ottomanske skattelister son del av nahiya Quds i liwa Quds. Den hadde 48 husholdninger og åtte ugidte menn, alle muslimer. Det ble betalt skatt for hvete, bygg, vintre og frukttrær, geiter og bikuber, totalt 3.200 akçe.[3]

I 1838 beskrives den i Biblical Researches in Palestine som en muslimsk landsby i el-Wadiyeh’-distriktet øst for Jerusalem.[4][5]

En ottomansk landsbyoversikt fra ca 1870 teller 38 hus og 127 menn (kvinner og barn ble ikke medtatt i folketellingen).[6][7]

I 1883 beskriver Palestine Exploration Funds Survey of Western Palestine (SWP) At-Tur som «en fattig liten landsby på Oljeberget ... med hus bygget av stein, men lave og enkle.Oppstandelseskirken og nå også en moské er øst på åsbrynet».[8]

I 1896 hadde Et-tur et folketall på rundt 474 personer.[9]

Palestinamandatet

I folketellingen i Palestinamandatet gjennomført av britene hadde El Tur 1.037 innbyggere; 806 var muslimer og 231 kristne,[10] og i 1931 var det 2.090; 12 jøder, 253 kristne og 1.825 muslimer, i 400 hus.[11]

I 1945 fant statistikeren 2.770 innbyggere i El Tur; 2.380 muslimer og 390 kristne,[12] som eide 8,808 dunam land.[13] 228 dunam var plantasjer og dyrket mark, 2.838 kornslag,[14] mens 86 dunam var bebygd.[15]

Jordansk tid

Etter den arabisk-israelske krig i 1948 kom At-Tur under jordansk styre.

Jordansk folketelling i 1961 fant 4.289 innbyggere i At-Tur,[16] hvorav 686 var kristne.[17]

Etter 1967

Etter Seksdagerskrigen i 1967 ble At-Tur underlagt Israel.

At-Tur har en folketall på 18.150, for det meste israelske jøder, og muslimer og enda færre kristne i minoritet. Av landemerker har At-Tur Augusta Victoria Hospital, Pater Noster-kirken og dens kloster, der Fader Vår er innskrevet på 110 språk,[18][19] og Seven Arches Hotel.[20]

Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital ligger også i At-Tur.[21]

Jødiske israelere kjøper opp eiendommer i nabolaget og stadig flere av dem bosetter seg på Oljeberget.

Den 24. april 2015 ble en 16-åring bosatt her skutt og drept av israelske soldater på Az-Zaim checkpoint. Politiet sa at han hadde angrepet med en kniv, familien hans bestred dette.[22]

Litteratur

Referanser

  1. ^ Palmer, 1881, s. 330
  2. ^ «Building and Infrastructure Development in East Jerusalem» (pressemelding). Municipality of Jerusalem. 3. mars 1997. 
  3. ^ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, s. 118
  4. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, 2. appendix, s. 122
  5. ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, s. 347, 405, 565
  6. ^ Socin, 1879, p. 162
  7. ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 124 nevnte også 38 hus.
  8. ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 30
  9. ^ Schick, 1896, s. 121
  10. ^ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, s. 14
  11. ^ Mills, 1932, s. 44
  12. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 25
  13. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, s. 58
  14. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 104
  15. ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945; quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 154
  16. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 13
  17. ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, pp. 115-116
  18. ^ The Pater Noster Church on the Mount of Olives Arkivert 10. juli 2007 hos Wayback Machine. Arkivert 2007-07-10 hos Wayback Machine, netours.com; lest 24. november 2014.
  19. ^ Church of the Pater Noster (Jerusalem), sacred-destinations.com; lest 24. november 2014.
  20. ^ Seven Arches Hotel profile[død lenke], jerusalemfoundation.org; lest 24. november 2014.
  21. ^ Al-Makassed Hospital profile Arkivert 21. juli 2011 hos Wayback Machine. Arkivert 2011-07-21 hos Wayback Machine, biojerusalem.org.il; lest 24. november 2014.
  22. ^ Hasson, Nir; Reuters (25. april 2015). «Palestinian Tries to Stab Police Officers in Jerusalem and Is Shot Dead, Police Says». Haaretz (på engelsk). 

Eksterne lenker

(en) Category:At-Tur (Mount of Olives) – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på Commons

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