Asaf Jah I

Asaf Jah I
Født20. aug. 1671Rediger på Wikidata
Agra
Død1. juni 1748Rediger på Wikidata (76 år)
Burhanpur
BeskjeftigelsePolitiker Rediger på Wikidata
Embete
BarnSalabat Jang
Asaf Jah II av Hyderabad
Basalat Jung
Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung II
NasjonalitetHyderabad
GravlagtKhuldabad
Asaf Jah I på Commons

Kamar-ud-din (født 1671–1748)[1] var en mogulsk adels- og embetsmann og grunnlegger av staten Hyderabad. Han er også kjent med titlene Nizam-ul-Mulk og Asaf Jah. Kamar-ud-din var nizam av Hyderabad fra 1724 til sin død i 1748.

Liv og virke

Bakgrunn

Farfaren kom fra Samarkand og gikk i tjeneste for stormogul Aurangzeb.[2]

Embetsmann

Også Kamar-ud-din var en av Aurangzebs lojale offiserer og embetsmenn. I 1713 ble Kamar-ud-din første gang utnevnt til subahdar eller guvernør i seks provinser i Deccan og faujdar av Karnataka. Embetet beholdt han til 1715.[3] Han ble igjen utnevnt til denne posisjonen i 1720. Imidlertid oppholdt han seg i Deccan bare periodevis.[4] Tittelen Nizam-ul-Mulk ble gitt ham i 1713.

Kamar-ud-din ble i 1722 utnevnt til vesir, eller statsminister, i Mogulriket. Forsøkene hans på å reformere statsadministrasjonen mislykkes og i 1724 tapte han embetet som førsteminister. Samme år dro han til Deccan for å slå ned et opprør og befeste sin makt der.[5]

Staten Hyderabad

Han ble værende, gjorde Aurangabad til hovedstad og etablerte en stat som i praksis ble uavhengig av mogulene i Delhi, selv om stormogulens overhøyhet nominelt ble anerkjent. Han måtte forsvare sitt rike mot angrep fra marathaene.[6] Mogulkeiser Muhammed Shah ga Kamar-ud-din tittelen Asaf Jah.

Kamar-ud-din grunnla et dynasti som styrte Hyderabad inntil staten ble innlemmet i India i 1948. Nizamdynastiet sikret seg kontrollen over landet, beholdt noe som privat eiendom og benyttet øvrige landområder som len til adelsklassen nizamen støttet seg på.

Etter Kamar-ud-dins død fulgte det kamp om tronen mellom hans etterkommere, da han, liksom i Mogulriket, ikke hadde fastsatt regler for arvefølge.[7] Han ble etterfulgt på tronen av sin nest eldste sønn, Nasir Jang, som så ble etterfulgt av Kamar-ud-dins dattersønn Muzaffar Jang. Deretter kom Kamar-ud-dins sønner Salabat Jang og Ali Khan på tronen. Sistnevnte hadde tittelen Asaf Jah II og fra ham gikk staten Hyderabad i arv fra far til sønn inntil den sjuende og siste regjerende nizam, Osman Ali Khan, ble styrtet ved en indisk invasjon i 1948.

Referanser

  1. ^ M. A. Nayeem: The splendour of Hyderabad. The last phase of an oriental culture (1591–1948 A.D.), Hyderabad: Hyderabad Publishers, 2011, s. 131 og 138.
  2. ^ Munis D. Faruqui: «At Empire’s End: The Nizam, Hyderabad and Eighteenth-Century India», Modern Asian Studies, bd. 43, nr. 1, 2009, s. 7f.
  3. ^ Faruqui, s. 15.
  4. ^ Faruqui, s. 18.
  5. ^ Faruqui, s. 16–17.
  6. ^ Faruqui, s. 20f.
  7. ^ Faruqui, s. 9.
Forgjenger 
Ingen
 Nizam av Hyderabad
1724–1748 		Etterfølger

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