Sanddyne

Sanddyner i Sahara-ørkenen
Sanddyner i Tyskland

Sanddyne eller berre dyne er ei nemning på ein sandrygg eller haug av sand som vert flytta av vind eller som er avsett av strøymande vatn. I Noreg finst det sanddyner mellom anna på Jærstrendene og i området ved Røros.

Det er sanddyner i Danmark langs kysten mot Vesterhavet og nedover mot dei frisiske øyane og Den engelske kanalen. Dei høgaste sanddynene i verda ligg i Namibørkenen sørvest i Afrika, og er opptil 340 meter høge.

Langstrakte flygesanddyner oppstår særleg i ørken- og kystområde med kraftig vind og lite vegetasjon. Dynene flytter seg med vinden i ei rørsle som vert kalla sandflukt, og vert liggjande på tvers av vindretninga. Sanddynene kveler i stor grad plantelivet. For å hindra sanddynene i å spreia seg og øydeleggja dyrka mark, kan ein planta ut til dømes furutre og marehalm. Slik kan ein binda sand, og minske sandflukt.

Nemninga «dyne» er lånt frå det frisiske ordet «düne». På dansk vert nemninga «klitter» nytta om sanddyner.

Typar sanddyner

Sanddyner har slakare helling på vindsida og brattare på lesida. Dei dannar elles ulike formasjonar:

  1. Barkaner er halvmåneforma dyner.
  2. Parabolske dyner oppstår når sand vert bunde av noko vegetasjon
  3. Seifdyner er lange dyner på opptil fleire hundre kilometer. Dei har skarpe kammar.

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