Fonograf

Ein Edison-fonograf

Fonograf (av gresk φονε, 'lyd', og γραφο, 'skriva') er ein maskin for spela inn, ta opp og gje att lyd. Lyden blir lagra som spor på ein sylinder. Fonografen vart oppfunnen av Thomas Edison i 1877 og vart selt kommersielt frå 1890 til 1925. Prinsippet bygger på eit apparat som registrerer svingingar og som franskmannen Léon Scott konstruerte allereie i 1857. Fonografen blei etterfølgd av grammofonen, som blei funnen opp i 1888 av Emile Berliner.

Tidleg fonograf
Foto: Ole Tobias Olsen/Nasjonalbiblioteket

Fonografen var den fyrste maskinen som kunne spela inn og bevara lyd. På dei eldste modellane vart lydsporet gravert inn i eitt tynt lager av metallfolie. Nyare versjonar brukte materiale som voks og celluloid. Lydbylgjer blir overført via ein membran til ein metallstift (nål) som då vibrerer i takt med bylgjene. Stiften ristar inn eit spor i den roterande sylinderen.

Det eldste norske lydopptaket på tinnfolie er frå 1879. Opptaket er av ein salme sungen av Peder Larsen Dieseth på ein fonografdemonstrasjon ved Tivoli i Kristiania. [1]

Kjelder

  1. ↑ «Lyden av Teknisk museum - Lydlagring». www.tekniskmuseum.no (på norsk bokmål). Henta 18. juli 2017. [daud lenkje]

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