Bergpreika

Bergpreika på ei freske i Markusklosteret i Firenze, måla av Fra Angelico 1437-45
Bergpreika, måla av Carl Bloch
Bergpreika på eit glasmåleri i Herzogenbuchsee kyrkje i Sveits, laga av Emil Gerster i 1910-11 etter eit måleri av Eugène Burnand

Bergpreika er etter Bibelen Jesu første og lengste tale. I følgje Matteusevangeliet kapittel 5-7[1] heldt Jesus talen på eit fjell like etter at han hadde samla læresveinane til seg. Delar av talen finst òg i Evangeliet etter Lukas.

Oppbygging

Bergpreika er av teologar rekna som ein tematisk samansetjing av forskjellige Jesuord om korleis Guds rike kjem til uttrykk i livet til kvart einskild menneske. Preika har fleire delar:

  • Introduksjonen
  • Dei som høyrer himmelriket til (sæleprisingane)[2][3]
  • Saltet og lyset[4]
  • Jesus og Moselova[5]
  • Om korleis ein skal be[6]
  • Jesu læresveinar og verda[7]
  • Jesu læresveinar og dømmesykja[8]
  • Jesu læresveinar og dei falske lærarane[9]

Oppfatningar

Det er ulike meiningar om korleis kristne skal oppfatte dei radikale krava i bergpreika, slike som forbodet mot skilsmisse eller kravet om å elske fiendane sine. I Den katolske kyrkja har krava i bergpreika vore rekna som gjeldande for dei mest fromme, som munkar og nonner, medan alminnelege kristne berre skal overhalde dei alminnelege bodorda. Martin Luther tolka krava i bergpreika som uoppnåelege; han meinte den viktigaste funksjonen var å få folk til å innsjå at dei ikkje kan nå frelsa ved å halde lova, berre gjennom tru. Saligprisingane er sett på som uttrykk for den største trøyst Kristus kan gje det lidande mennesket: «Jo meir vi lid, jo meir tolmodig vi ber smertene våre, dess større blir løna vår i himmelen».

Ei moderne tolking av bergpreika er Dierich Bonhoeffers Nachfolge (1937), som vart skriven på 1930-talet som ein reaksjon på den ukritiske måten den kristne kyrkja tilpassa seg det tyske samfunnet på.

Sjå òg

Kjelder

Referansar

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