Vorstendom Theodoro

Θεοδόρο, Γοτθία
 Keizerrijk Trebizonde 13e eeuw – 1475 Ottomaanse Rijk 
Algemene gegevens
Hoofdstad Theodoro
Talen Grieks, Krim-Gotisch
Religie(s) Grieks-orthodox
Regering
Regeringsvorm Monarchie
Staatshoofd Vorst
De Krim met daarop:
 Theodoro

Het vorstendom Theodoro (Grieks: Θεοδόρο) of Gothia (Grieks: Γοτθία) was van de 13e eeuw tot 1475 een kleine staat in het zuiden van de Krim. Theodoro was onafhankelijk geworden van het keizerrijk Trebizonde toen dit land geen controle meer kon uitoefenen op de oude Byzantijnse gebieden in het zuiden van de Krim. In 1475 werd het vorstendom veroverd door de Ottomaanse Turken.

Geschiedenis

Het gebied van het Theodoro was in de 11e eeuw een deel geweest van het Byzantijnse Rijk. Toen in 1204 Constantinopel tijdens de Vierde Kruistocht werd veroverd door de kruisvaarders die het Latijnse Keizerrijk stichtten werden de gebieden in het zuiden van de Krim een deel van het keizerrijk Trebizonde. Vanaf 1250 begonnen de Genuezen hun macht in het Zwarte Zeegebied te versterken door koloniën te vestigen. Dit had, samen met invallen door de Seltsjoeken, tot gevolg dat Trebizonde zijn invloed op de Krim verloor en dat Theodoro langzaam onafhankelijk werd.

De heersende dynastie van Theodoro, het huis Gabras, nam de titel "Vorst van Theodoro en Gothië" aan. Via het huwelijk bleven zij verbonden met de Komnenen die over Trebizonde heersten.

De betrekkingen tussen Theodoro en het Kanaat van de Gouden Horde waren over het algemeen goed, maar met Genua werd regelmatig oorlog gevoerd. De bouw van de havenstad Awlita, op de plaats van het later gestichte Sebastopol, bedreigde door zijn gunstige positie op de zijderoute de handelsmogelijkheden van de Genuese kolonie Kaffa.

Na de Val van Constantinopel (1453), het Despotaat Morea (1460) en het keizerrijk Trebizonde (1461), was Theodoro het enige nog overgebleven deel van het Byzantijnse Rijk dat niet onder Turkse heerschappij stond. In 1475 werden Theodoro en de Genuese koloniën veroverd door Ottomaanse troepen onder het bevel van Gedik Ahmed Pasja. Deze gebieden werden direct door de Verheven Porte bestuurd, in tegenstelling tot de rest van de Krim, dat onder het kanaat van de Krim viel.

Geografie

Theodoro bestond uit een klein gebied in het Zuiden van de Krim in het Krimgebergte. Het kustgebied ten zuiden van het vorstendom bestond uit Genuese koloniën. De steppes ten noorden van het vorstendom behoorden aan het kanaat van de Gouden Horde, na 1441 het kanaat van de Krim. De hoofdstad van het vorstendom werd ook Theodoro genoemd

Demografie

In het vorstendom leefden een aantal verschillende etnische groepen waaronder Grieken, Krim-Goten, Alanen en Karaïetische joden. Deze groepen hadden zich van de oudheid tot de middeleeuwen op de Krim gevestigd. De overgrote meerderheid van de bevolking sprak Grieks en behoorde tot de Grieks-orthodoxe Kerk.

Vorsten van Theodoro

  • Demetrios (Na 1362 — voor 1368)
  • ?
  • Basileios (? - ?)
  • Stefan (Zoon van Basileios) (?—1402)
  • Alexios I (Zoon van Stephan) (1402—1434)
  • Alexios II (Zoon van Alexios I) (1434—1444)
  • Johannes (Olubey) (Zoon van Alexios I) (1444—1460)
  • ?
  • Isaak (Zoon van Alexios I) (1471—1474)
  • Alexander (Zoon van Alexios II) (Juni — December 1475)

Read other articles:

ジュリアン Jusqu'à la garde監督 グザヴィエ・ルグラン脚本 グザヴィエ・ルグラン製作 アレクサンドル・ガヴラス(フランス語版)出演者 レア・ドリュッケール(フランス語版)トマ・ジオリアドゥニ・メノーシェ撮影 ナタリー・デュラン(フランス語版)編集 ヨルゴス・ランプリノス製作会社 KG Productions配給 オー・エ・クール(フランス語版) アンプラグド公開 2018�...

Building in Manhattan, New York Tower 270Tower 270 from the east on Chambers Street. The Tweed Courthouse is in the foreground.Alternative namesArthur Levitt State Office Building, 80 Chambers Street, 86 Chambers StreetGeneral informationLocation270 BroadwayManhattan, New York City, New YorkCoordinates40°42′51″N 74°00′24″W / 40.714281°N 74.006765°W / 40.714281; -74.006765Construction started1929Completed1930OwnerRAL CompaniesHeight370 feet (110 m)Techn...

Species of bird Grey-crowned mannikin Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Estrildidae Genus: Lonchura Species: L. nevermanni Binomial name Lonchura nevermanniStresemann, 1934 The grey-crowned mannikin (Lonchura nevermanni), or grey-crowned munia, is a species of estrildid finch of southern New Guinea. It has an estimated global extent of occurre...

Claudia Villafañe Villafañe junto a su exesposo Diego Maradona en 1987.Información personalNombre de nacimiento Claudia Rosana VillafañeNacimiento 22 de enero de 1962 (61 años)Buenos Aires, ArgentinaNacionalidad ArgentinaReligión Catolicismo FamiliaPadres Ana María Elía Roque Nicolás VillafañeCónyuge Diego Maradona (matr. 1989; div. 2003)Pareja Jorge Taiana (presente)Hijos Dalma Maradona Giannina MaradonaInformación profesionalOcupación Empresaria model...

American sculptor (born 1950) Billie LawlessBillie LawlessBorn (1950-07-16) July 16, 1950 (age 73)Boston, MassachusettsNationalityAmericanEducationRutgers College, New Brunswick, New JerseyKnown forsculptureNotable workGreen Lightning,Didy Wah Didy,The Politician: A Toy Billie Lawless (born July 16, 1950) is an American sculptor. Biography Lawless was born in Boston, Massachusetts and grew up in Buffalo, New York. His interest in art was fostered by the presence of the Albright–Kn...

Kendal's original burying ground was partially developed into residential lots. Some bodies were removed to other cemeteries and others were not. The area left undisturbed is now known as Memorial Park.Kendal's 200th anniversary was celebrated in 2012 The plat for the town of Kendal, in Stark County, Ohio was entered on April 20, 1812.[1] It was named by its founder, Thomas Rotch (1767–1823), after the town of Kendal, in Cumbria, England. Kendal was absorbed into the town of Massill...

1946 film by Ben Hecht For the ballet, see Le Spectre de la Rose. Specter of the RoseTheatrical release posterDirected byBen HechtScreenplay byBen HechtProduced byBen HechtStarringJudith AndersonMichael ChekhovIvan KirovViola EssenLionel StanderCinematographyLee GarmesEdited byHarry KellerMusic byGeorge AntheilProductioncompanyBen Hecht ProductionsDistributed byRepublic PicturesRelease date July 5, 1946 (1946-07-05) (United States) Running time90 minutesCountryUnited States...

State highway in Maryland, US Maryland Route 129Maryland Route 129 highlighted in redRoute informationMaintained by MDSHA and Baltimore DOTLength15.43 mi[1][2] (24.83 km)Existed1927–presentMajor junctionsSouth end US 40 / MD 295 in BaltimoreMajor intersections US 1 / US 40 Truck in Baltimore MD 140 in Baltimore MD 133 in Pikesville I-695 in Pikesville MD 130 near Stevenson North endGarrison Forest Road near Reisterstown Locat...

This article is about the 1977 film. For the 1961 play, see Kanchana Sita (play). 1978 Indian filmKanchana SitaA screenshot from the filmDirected byG. AravindanScreenplay byG. AravindanBased onKanchana Sitaby C. N. Sreekantan NairProduced byK. Ravindran NairStarringRamdasVenkateswarluChinna PulliahKesava PanickerKrishnanPottiahRangiahSivaSobha KiranAnnapurnaCinematographyShaji N. KarunEdited byRamesanMusic byRajeev Taranath[1]ProductioncompanyGeneral PicturesRelease date 21 Decem...

Comic book series This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. Please help improve the article by adding more real-world context. (May 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) An editor has performed a search and found that sufficient sources exist to establish the subject's notability. These sources can be used...

American professional wrestling referee For the cricketer, see Aubrey Edwards (cricketer). Aubrey EdwardsEdwards on AEW Dynamite in 2022Birth nameBrittany Aubert[1]Born (1987-03-09) March 9, 1987 (age 36)[2]Seattle, Washington[3]Alma materDigiPen Institute of Technology[4] (BSCS)[5]Professional wrestling careerRing name(s)Aubrey EdwardsGearl HebnerTrained byChris SamuelsSteve West[6]Debut2017 Brittany Aubert (born March 9, 1987), better kno...

Folklore of China Chinese folklore encompasses the folklore of China, and includes songs, poetry, dances, puppetry, and tales. It often tells stories of human nature, historical or legendary events, love, and the supernatural. The stories often explain natural phenomena and distinctive landmarks.[1] Along with Chinese mythology, it forms an important element in Chinese folk religion. History This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (February 2022) Folktales The reun...

Commander of the Brazilian Air Force This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (January 2023) Lieutenant-BrigadierCarlos de Almeida Baptista JúniorCommander of the Brazilian Air ForceIn office12 April 2021 – 2 January 2023PresidentJair BolsonaroMinisterWalter Braga NettoPaulo Sérgio NogueiraPreceded byAntonio Carlos Moretti BermudezSucceeded byMarcelo Kanitz Damasceno Personal detailsBorn (1960-09-05...

1990 American television dramatic film The Last Best YearGenreDramaWritten byDavid W. RintelsDirected byJohn ErmanStarringMary Tyler MooreBernadette PetersCarmen MatthewsKate ReidKenneth WelshErika AlexanderDorothy McGuireMusic byJohn MorrisOriginal languageEnglishProductionExecutive producerVictoria RiskinProducersJohn ErmanJosette PerrottaDavid W. RintelsProduction locationsTorontoChicagoCinematographyFrank TidyEditorPaul LaMastraRunning time96 minutesProduction companiesDavid W. Rintels Pr...

This article includes a list of references, related reading, or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) AlmeloGeneral informationLocationNetherlandsCoordinates52°21′26″N 6°39′18″E / 52.35722°N 6.65500°E / 52.35722; 6.65500Line(s)Deventer–Almelo railwayAlmelo–Salzbergen rail...

Drivetrain transmitting propulsion power For other uses of the word transmission, see Transmission. Gearbox redirects here. For other uses, see Gearbox (disambiguation). Hydraulic automatic transmission (cutaway view)Epicyclic gearing diagram, as used in hydraulic automatic transmissions A transmission (also called a gearbox) is a mechanical device which uses gears to change the speed or direction of rotation in a machine.[1][2] Many transmissions have multiple gear ratios, bu...

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Summer Love Songs – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) 2009 compilation album by The Beach BoysSummer Love SongsCompilation album by The Beach BoysReleasedMay 19, 2009Recorded1963...

Symphony orchestra in the United Kingdom Guitar Concerto rehearsal Guitar Concerto rehearsal Guitar Concerto rehearsal Leeds Symphony Orchestra is one of the oldest established symphony orchestras in the United Kingdom dating back to 1890. It is a non-professional orchestra based in Leeds, Yorkshire, with a membership of around 80 players. Up to ten concerts a year are given at venues including Leeds, Knaresborough, Wetherby and Horsforth. The orchestra's repertoire in recent years has ranged...

Malaysian politician You can help expand this article with text translated from the corresponding article in Indonesian. (January 2023) Click [show] for important translation instructions. View a machine-translated version of the Indonesian article. Machine translation, like DeepL or Google Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated...

Canadian judge For other people with the same name, see Charles Richards (disambiguation). Charles Dow RichardsCharles Dow Richards as Chief Justice20th Premier of New BrunswickIn officeMay 19, 1931 – June 1, 1933MonarchGeorge VLieutenant GovernorHugh Havelock McLeanPreceded byJohn B. M. BaxterSucceeded byLeonard P. D. TilleyMLA for YorkIn officeOctober 9, 1920 – August 10, 1925Serving with John A. Young, Samuel L.B. Hunter, James K. PinderPreceded byWilliam C. C...