Oculus

Zie Oculus (doorverwijspagina) voor andere betekenissen van Oculus.
Het oog (oculus) in de koepel van het Pantheon (Rome).

Oculus is het Latijnse woord voor oog. Het woord oculus blijft in gebruik in sommige contexten, meestal als de naam voor de cirkelvormige opening in de top van de koepel van het Pantheon in Rome, Italië, maar ook voor andere soorten ronde ramen (zie ook oeil de boeuf). De opening in het Pantheon is altijd open geweest voor het weer, waardoor regen binnenkomt. Deze valt op de vloer, waarna het meegenomen wordt met leidingen in de vloer. Ook schijnt er zonlicht door de opening heen. Hierdoor en door het omringende, zachte beton lijkt het op een oog, waaraan het zijn naam ontleent.

In de archeologie is oculus een motief dat in West-Europese prehistorische kunst werd gebruikt. Het bestond uit een paar van cirkel- of spiraalvormige maskers, die vaak als ogen werden beschouwd. Het motief kwam voor op potten, standbeelden en megalieten. Het vertegenwoordigt de ogen van een god of godin.

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