Neopentaan

Neopentaan
Structuurformule en molecuulmodel
Structuurformule van neopentaan
Structuurformule van neopentaan
Algemeen
Molecuul­formule C5H12
IUPAC-naam 2,2-dimethylpropaan,
Andere namen dimethylpropaan, tetramethylmethaan, neopentaan,
Molmassa 72,14878 g/mol
SMILES
CC(C)(C)C
InChI
1S/C5H12/c1-5(2,3)4/h1-4H3
CAS-nummer 463-82-1
EG-nummer 207-343-7
PubChem 10041
Wikidata Q422723
Beschrijving Kleurloos gas
Waarschuwingen en veiligheids­maatregelen
OntvlambaarDrukhouderMilieugevaarlijk
Gevaar
H-zinnen H220 - H411
EUH-zinnen geen
P-zinnen P210 - P377 - P381 - P403
EG-Index-nummer 601-005-00-6
VN-nummer 2044
ADR-klasse Gevarenklasse 2.1
Fysische eigenschappen
Aggregatie­toestand gas
Kleur kleurloos
Dichtheid (vloeistof bij het kookpunt) 0,6 g/cm³
Smeltpunt −17 °C
Kookpunt 10 °C
Dampdruk (bij 20°C) 150.000 Pa
Oplosbaarheid in water (bij 20°C) 0,033 g/L
Goed oplosbaar in pentaan, hexaan
Slecht oplosbaar in water
Tenzij anders vermeld zijn standaardomstandigheden gebruikt (298,15 K of 25 °C, 1 bar).
Portaal  Portaalicoon   Scheikunde

Neopentaan is een organische verbinding met als brutoformule C5H12. De stof komt voor als een kleurloos, zeer licht ontvlambaar gas. Het wordt commercieel verhandeld in gascilinders onder vloeibare vorm.

Neopentaan is, naast 2-methylbutaan, een van de drie structuurisomeren van n-pentaan. De IUPAC-nomenclatuur heeft de triviale naam neopentaan behouden.[1] De systematische naam van neopentaan is immers dimethylpropaan.

Toepassingen

Neopentaan is een weinig reactieve verbinding. Een van de mogelijke reacties is de alkylering van aromatische verbindingen, waarbij neopentaan een tert-butylgroep levert. Zo kan bijvoorbeeld tolueen omgezet worden in tert-butyltolueen.[2] De reactie vindt plaats in de gasfase en onder bestraling met hoogenergetische gamma- of bètastraling. Andere toepassingen zijn onder andere als blaasmiddel voor het maken van kunststofschuimen,[3] als koelmiddel (R601b) en soms ook als drijfgas in spuitbussen.

Naam

De naam neopentaan betekent eigenlijk nieuw-pentaan. In de tijd dat de scheiding van organische verbindingen vooral een kwestie van destilleren was, ontsnapte een laagkokende verbinding makkelijk - letterlijk - uit de opstelling en aan de aandacht. De ontdekking van de verschillende isomeren van pentaan verloopt dan ook met afnemend kookpunt. Na de ontdekking van n-pentaan met een kookpunt van 36 °C volgt het iets lager kokende isomeer isopentaan met een kookpunt van 30 °C. Als laatste volgt neopentaan, met een kookpunt van slechts 10 °C. Bij kamertemperatuur zal dit laatste isomeer, zelfs als het opgelost in een mengsel voortkomt, na een destillatie niet meer vloeibaar worden.

  • (en) MSDS van neopentaan
  • (en) Gegevens van neopentaan in de GESTIS-stoffendatabank van het IFA

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