Luiaards en miereneters

Collage van de soorten uit de 4 families: van linksboven met de klok mee:
Dwergmiereneter (Cyclopes didactylus), Reuzenmiereneter (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), Drievingerige luiaard (Bradypus tridactylus) en Tweevingerige luiaard (Choloepus didactylus)

Taxonomische indeling

Rijk:	Animalia (Dieren)
Stam:	Chordata (Chordadieren)
Klasse:	Mammalia (Zoogdieren)
Superorde:	Xenarthra

Orde

Pilosa
Flower, 1883

Kapucijnluiaard (Bradypus variegatus)

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Luiaards en miereneters op

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Zoogdieren

De luiaards en miereneters (Pilosa) zijn een orde uit de tandarmen (Xenarthra) waarvan slechts negen levende soorten (vijf luiaards en vier miereneters) bestaan. Ze komen voor in grote delen van Zuid-Amerika. Hoewel ze verwant zijn aan de gordeldierachtigen (Cingulata), worden ze tot een aparte orde gerekend binnen de superorde Xenarthra.

Ontwikkeling

De oudste mogelijke fossielen van Pilosa zijn gevonden in de La Meseta-formatie uit het Midden-Eoceen op Seymour-eiland. Het gaat om erg fragmentarische vondsten van een voetkootje van een luiaard of miereneter en een tand die overeenkomsten vertoont met die van een luiaard. Bij herbeoordeling van de tand kon echter niet met zekerheid worden gesteld dat het aan een luiaard behoorde, maar dat classificatie als Mammalia incertae sedis beter op zijn plaats is.^[1]^[2]

Taxonomie

De orde omvat de volgende families:^[3]^[4]

Orde: Pilosa (Luiaards en miereneters)
- Onderorde: Vermilingua (Miereneters)
  - Familie: Cyclopedidae (Dwergmiereneters)
  - Familie: Myrmecophagidae (Echte miereneters)
- Onderorde: Folivora (Luiaards)
  - Superfamilie: Megalocnoidea †
    - Familie: Acratocnidae †
    - Familie: Megalocnidae †
    - Familie: Parocnidae †
  - Superfamilie: Megatherioidea
    - Familie: Bradypodidae (Drievingerige luiaards)
    - Familie: Megatheriidae †
    - Familie: Megalonychidae †
    - Familie: Nothrotheriidae †
  - Superfamilie: Mylodontoidea
    - Familie: Choloepodidae (Tweevingerige luiaards)
    - Familie: Mylodontidae †
    - Familie: Scelidotheriidae †

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

↑ An Eocene tardigrade (Mammalia, Xenarthra) from Seymour Island, West Antarctica. SF Vizcaíano & GJ Scillato-Yané. Cambridge Journal (1995).
↑ Reinterpretation of a Middle Eocene record of Tardigrada (Pilosa, Xenarthra, Mammalia) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, West Antarctica. RDE MacPhee & MA Reguero. American Museum Novitates (2010).
↑ Delsuc, F.; Kuch, M.; Gibb, G.C.; Karpinski, E.; Hackenberger, D.; Szpak, P.; et al. (2019). "Ancient Mitogenomes reveal the evolutionary history and biogeography of sloths". Current Biology. 29 (12): 2031–2042.e6.
↑ Presslee, S.; Slater, G.J.; Pujos, F.; Forasiepi, A.M.; Fischer, R.; Molloy, K.; et al. (2019). "Palaeoproteomics resolves sloth relationships". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (7): 1121–1130.

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