Lewisiet

Lewisiet
Structuurformule en molecuulmodel
Structuurformule van lewisiet
Structuurformule van lewisiet
Algemeen
Molecuul­formule C2H2AsCl3
IUPAC-naam 2-chloorethenylarsenyldichloride
Molmassa 207,32 g/mol
CAS-nummer 541-25-3
Wikidata Q407502
Waarschuwingen en veiligheids­maatregelen
ToxischMilieugevaarlijk
Gevaar
H-zinnen H331 - H301 - H410
EUH-zinnen geen
P-zinnen geen
Fysische eigenschappen
Aggregatie­toestand vloeibaar
Kleur kleurloos
Dichtheid 1,86 g/cm³
Smeltpunt (trans) −2,4 °C
Kookpunt (trans) 196,6 °C
Goed oplosbaar in ethanol, dichloormethaan
Slecht oplosbaar in water
Brekingsindex (trans) 1,6076 
Tenzij anders vermeld zijn standaardomstandigheden gebruikt (298,15 K of 25 °C, 1 bar).
Portaal  Portaalicoon   Scheikunde

Lewisiet (C2H2AsCl3) is een organische arseenverbinding en behoort net als mosterdgas tot de blaartrekkende gassen. Het is een strijdgas dat in 1920 ontwikkeld werd door de Amerikaan Winford Lee Lewis. Tot in de jaren '50 is er zo'n 20.000 ton van geproduceerd door de Verenigde Staten, omdat het de speciale eigenschap heeft, dat het door rubber heen kan dringen en gasmaskers dus geen bescherming bieden. Het is echter nooit gebruikt en de voorraden zijn gedumpt in de Golf van Mexico.

De symptomen van Lewisietvergiftiging zijn: pijn en irritatie, blaren op de huid, branderige en waterige opgezwollen ogen, irritatie van de luchtwegen en bloedvergiftiging. Doordat het oplost in de waterdamp in de lucht zal Lewisiet niet sterk genoeg ingeademd kunnen worden om meteen dodelijk te zijn, ondanks de bijnaam Dew of Death. Op de langere termijn kan orgaanbeschadiging de dood tot gevolg hebben. De blaren op de huid kunnen verminderd worden door het opsmeren van zalven. Het tegengaan van infecties kan door het toedienen van antibiotica.

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