Heil

Heil betekent oorspronkelijk geluk en zegen. Het is het antoniem van onheil, wat pech, (groot) ongeluk of rampspoed betekent.

Het wordt ook gebruikt in groeten, zoals "Heil Hitler!" in Nazi-Duitsland.

Etymologie

Het woord 'heil' stamt af van het Germaanse *χaila-/ *χaili- dat (als adjectief) "heel" betekent. Het is verwant aan het Engelse whole, "heel" en holy, "heilig", "gewijd". Het is ook verwant aan het Noord-Germaanse heill, "gezondheid".[1] In de tussenfases droeg het in bijna alle taalvoorlopers van de moderne talen de gedachte van 'toeval' of '(gunstig) voorteken' in zich.

Religieus gebruik

In religieuze zin betekent heil redding en verlossing. De meeste religies beogen het heil van de gelovigen en willen de mens een rijker en dieper leven schenken door hem te verlossen van lijden en zonde.

Christendom

In het christendom is heil de verlossing "van mensen van zonde en de gevolgen ervan, zoals dood en gescheiden zijn van God" door de dood en herrijzenis van Jezus.[2] In oudere vertalingen van het Nieuwe Testament kwam de term 'heil' voor als vertaling van het Koinè σωτηρία, sotēría en wordt in moderne vertalingen meestal vertaald met 'redding', zoals in Lucas:

"Want met eigen ogen heb ik de redding gezien"[3]

Het theologische heet de leer over heil soteriologie en valt binnen het gebied systematische theologie. Op hoofdlijnen is de consensus in het christendom dat heil gelegen is in de aanvaarding van het evangelie van Gods heilige liefde en is het verbonden aan de sacramenten. De Latijnse uitdrukking extra ecclesiam nulla salus betekent dat er buiten de Kerk geen heil bestaat.

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