Expenditures by Canadian corporations on research and development accounted for about 50% of all spending on scientific research and development in Canada in 2007.
In the corporate sector research and development tends to focus on the creation or invention of new products and services or more commonly the incremental improvement of existing products and services. A good example of the former would be the invention of the BlackBerry, by the Waterloo, Ontario-based company, Research in Motion, while an example of the latter would be the development of a new class of aircraft, the regional jet by Bombardier Aerospace of Montreal, Quebec.
It is rare for corporations to undertake what might be considered "pure" scientific research. In almost all cases the corporate bottom line is a paramount consideration and the payoff for such activity is not usually immediately evident. However it is true that there are times when the difference between the two is not at all clear, as was the case for example, with atomic research at Chalk River, Ontario, during World War II and in the post war years, which led to the development of the CANDU power reactor. More recently, research in the field of nanotechnology blurs the distinction as well. Is investigation into the principles of the manipulation of atoms science or engineering?[clarification needed]
In 2006, total spending on scientific and industrial research in Canada amounted to C$28.067 billion or about 2 percent of GDP. In 2006, Canadian corporations spent C$14.858 billion on research and development, representing about half of all R&D spending in Canada and about one percent of Canada's GDP.
In 2007, Canadian corporations spent C$15.773 billion on research and development, again representing about half of all R&D expenditures in Canada and an amount equal to about one percent of the GDP.
Below is a list of the largest corporate R&D spenders in Canada ranked by size. Also described are sectorial R&D expenditures for the 2006 fiscal year. A section that lists some important government R&D funding agencies is also included.
Place in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States For the surrounding township, see Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey. For communities with a similar name, see Lawrenceville (disambiguation). Census-designated place in New Jersey, United StatesLawrenceville, New JerseyCensus-designated placeThe Hamill House was built in 1814 by Isaac Van Arsdale Brown, D.D. (1784–1861). This fieldstone schoolhouse was the original building for The Lawrenceville School and is a national landmark.Loca…
Las señales de tráfico de circulación son aquellas que indican en qué sentido debe circularse. Estas señales son redondas o cuadradas, y de color azul. Las redondas indican obligatoriedad y las cuadradas son informativas. El cuadro siguiente muestra las señales de circulación más comunes, pero no todas las que existen. Volver a: Señales de tráfico 5. Señales de circulación Circulación obligatoriaalrededor de la rotonda Giro obligatorio a la derecha …
В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с именем Георгий. Георгий Хгруз. გიორგი X Царь Картли 1600 — 6 сентября 1606 Предшественник Симон I Преемник Луарсаб II Рождение 1560 или 1565Тифлис, Картлийское царство Смерть 7 сентября 1606(1606-09-07) Место погребения Мцхета Род Багратионы - К
Jean-Luc Godard Jean-Luc Godard (1968) Volledige naam Jean-Luc Godard Geboren 3 december 1930 Overleden 13 september 2022 Geboorteland Frankrijk (en) IMDb-profiel Moviemeter-profiel Portaal Film Jean-Luc Godard (Parijs, 3 december 1930 – Rolle, 13 september 2022) was een Frans-Zwitserse filmregisseur en scenarist. Hij was een van de belangrijkste leden van de nouvelle vague. Biografie Jean-Luc Godard werd in 1930 in Parijs geboren. Zijn ouders waren vooraanstaande Zwitsers, …
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع آرثر دين (توضيح). هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (مارس 2019) آرثر دين (بالإنجليزية: Arthur Dean) معلومات شخصية تاريخ الميلاد 27 أغسطس 1857 تاريخ الوفاة 7 فبراير 1929 (71 سنة) مواطنة …
New York-based reality television series in the United States The Real Housewives of New York CityGenreReality televisionStarring Bethenny Frankel Luann de Lesseps Alex McCord Ramona Singer Jill Zarin Kelly Killoren Bensimon Sonja Morgan Cindy Barshop Aviva Drescher Carole Radziwill Heather Thomson Kristen Taekman Dorinda Medley Jules Wainstein Tinsley Mortimer Leah McSweeney Eboni K. Williams Sai De Silva Ubah Hassan Erin Lichy Jenna Lyons Jessel Taank Brynn Whitfield Country of originUnited St…
Patung Poseidon dari masa Yunani Helenistik. Dalam konteks budaya, arsitektur, dan seni Yunani kuno, Yunani Helenistik adalah suatu masa yang berlangsung setelah kematian Aleksander Agung pada tahun 323 SM dan aneksasi daerah pusat Liga Akhaia oleh Republik Romawi yang memuncak pada Pertempuran Korintus pada 146 SM, sebuah kemenangan Romawi di Peloponnesos yang menyebabkan kehancuran Korintus dan mengantarkan pada periode Romawi Yunani. Akhir dari Yunani Helenistik adalah pada saat meletusnya Pe…
BlacklightPoster rilis teaterSutradaraMark WilliamsProduser Mark Williams Paul Currie Myles Nestel Alevé Loh Coco Xiaolu Ma Ditulis oleh Nick May Mark Williams Skenario Nick May Mark Williams Cerita Nick May Brandon Reavis Pemeran Liam Neeson Emmy Raver-Lampman Taylor John Smith Aidan Quinn Penata musikMark IshamSinematograferShelly JohnsonPenyuntingMichael P. ShawverPerusahaanproduksi Zero Gravity Management Footloose Productions The Solution Entertainment Group Sina Studios Fourstar Fil…
Head of government of Slovenia President of the Government of the Republic of SloveniaPredsednik Vlade Republike SlovenijeFlag of SloveniaIncumbentRobert Golobsince 1 June 2022[1]Government of SloveniaOffice of the Prime MinisterStyleMr Prime Minister (formal)President of the Government(Slovene: Gospod predsednik vlade)Mr President (informal)(Slovene: Gospod predsednik)His Excellency (diplomatic)(Slovene: Njegova ekscelenca)TypeHead of governmentMember ofGovernment of SloveniaEurope…
العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الليبية أوزبكستان ليبيا أوزبكستان ليبيا تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الأوزبكستانية الليبية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين أوزبكستان وليبيا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه …
هذه المقالة يتيمة إذ تصل إليها مقالات أخرى قليلة جدًا. فضلًا، ساعد بإضافة وصلة إليها في مقالات متعلقة بها. (نوفمبر 2020) لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع مساواة (توضيح). المركز الفلسطيني لاستقلال المحاماة والقضاء البلد دولة فلسطين المقر الرئيسي البيرة، وغزة تاريخ التأسيس 2002…
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Massa Aksi 2 Desember dapat disebut sebagai kelompok penekan Kelompok penekan merupakan sekelompok manusia yang berbentuk lembaga kemasyarakatan dengan aktivitas atau kegiatannya memberikan tekanan kepada pihak penguasa (pemerintah) agar keinginannya dapat diakomodasi oleh pemegang kekuasaan.[1] Atau, dapat juga didefinisikan sebagai association of individual or organisations that on the basis of one or more shared concerns, attempt to influence public policy in its favour usually by lob…
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For other people named David Burke, see David Burke. British botanist David Burke (1854 – 11 April 1897) was one of the most widely travelled plant collectors, who was sent by James Veitch & Sons to collect plants in British Guiana, Burma and Colombia. In his later life, Burke became rather eccentric, preferring the privations of life away from his native England.[1] Plant hunter Heliamphora nutans Burke was born in Kent and joined Veitch as a gardener at Chelsea, London. In 1880, …
قرية لج المكرمي - قرية - تقسيم إداري البلد اليمن المحافظة محافظة حجة المديرية مديرية أفلح اليمن العزلة عزلة بني يوس السكان التعداد السكاني 2004 السكان 48 • الذكور 24 • الإناث 24 • عدد الأسر 4 • عدد المساكن 4 معلومات أخرى التوقيت توقيت اليمن (+3 غرينيتش…
Place in Styria, AustriaSankt Georgen am KreischbergView of Sankt Georgen ob Murau FlagCoat of armsSankt Georgen am KreischbergLocation within AustriaCoordinates: 47°06′36″N 14°03′00″E / 47.11000°N 14.05000°E / 47.11000; 14.05000CountryAustriaStateStyriaDistrictMurauGovernment • MayorCäcilia Spreitzer (ÖVP)Area[1] • Total111.56 km2 (43.07 sq mi)Elevation864 m (2,835 ft)Population (2018-01-01)[…
This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Apponaug, Rhode Island – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2009) (Learn how and when to remove…
1981 video gameQuest for the RingsDeveloper(s)MagnavoxPublisher(s)MagnavoxPlatform(s)Odyssey²/VideopacRelease1981Genre(s)Board, RPG Quest for the Rings is a board game/video game hybrid for the Magnavox Odyssey². It is the first game in the Odyssey² Master Strategy Series,[1]: 53 and contemporary reviews described it as innovative. Gameplay The game supports one to three players.[2] Plot Quest for the Rings is a game in which the heroes search for 10 magical k…
Not to be confused with Electric Boy. 10th episode of the 1st season of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey The Electric BoyCosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey episodeEpisode no.Season 1Episode 10Directed byBill PopeWritten byAnn DruyanSteven SoterNarrated byNeil deGrasse TysonProduced byLivia HanichSteven HoltzmanFeatured musicAlan SilvestriEditing byJohn DuffyMichael O'HalloranEric LeaProduction code109Original air dateMay 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)Running time41 minutesEpisode chronology ←…
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