Cubaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog

Cubaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog
Cavalerie van Antonio Maceo in 1896
Cavalerie van Antonio Maceo in 1896
Datum 1895-1898
Locatie Cuba
Resultaat Amerikaans Protectoraat Cuba
Verdrag Vrede van Parijs (1898)
Strijdende partijen
Cubaanse rebellen
Verenigde Staten 		Koninkrijk Spanje

De Cubaanse Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog (1895-1898) begon toen José Martí, samen met Máximo Gómez en Antonio Maceo, een bevrijdingsleger vormden, dat naar Cuba kwam om te strijden tegen de Spaanse koloniale overheersers. Gómez werd hiervan bevelhebber.

Na de Tienjarige Oorlog en de Kleine Oorlog (1879-1880) was het de derde bevrijdingsoorlog die Cuba vocht tegen Spanje. De burgerbevolking had sterk te lijden onder het concentratiebeleid van kapitein-generaal Valeriano Weyler y Nicolau, zogezegd bedoeld ter bescherming. Per spoor werden Cubanen van alle rassen in 1896-1897 gedeporteerd naar campos de concentración omgeven door prikkeldraad.[1] Ondervoeding en verwaarlozing eisten meer dan honderdduizend doden. Dit verschafte de Verenigde Staten een humanitaire reden om op 26 maart 1898 een ultimatum te richten aan Spanje, wat leidde tot de oorlogsverklaring op 25 april 1898. Onuitgesproken maar doorslaggevend waren echter de territoriale ambities van de VS. De Spaans-Amerikaanse Oorlog eindigde met de Vrede van Parijs (1898). Cuba werd een protectoraat van de Verenigde Staten en het Spaanse Rijk hield op te bestaan.

Bronnen

  • Jules R. Benjamin (1992). The United States and the Origins of the Cuban Revolution. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02536-3.

Voetnoten

  1. ↑ Annette Becker (2008). "La genèse des camps de concentration: Cuba, la guerre des Boers, la grande guerre de 1896 aux années vingt" in: Revue d'Histoire de la Shoah, vol. 119, p. 105. DOI:10.3917/rhsho.189.0101
Zie de categorie Cuban War of Independence van Wikimedia Commons voor mediabestanden over dit onderwerp.

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