Gemeinsame Normdatei

Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND, Engels: Integrated Authority File) is een internationale standaard voor het ordenen van namen van personen, organisaties en rubrieken in catalogi.

Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND): screenshot van de website van de Nationale Bibliotheek van Duitsland (Browser: Opera 11.62).

GND wordt hoofdzakelijk gebruikt in bibliotheken en archieven als bibliografisch informatiesysteem. Bij fase 2[1] van het Wikidataproject is GND het uitgangspunt voor de indeling van infoboxen. GND wordt alleen gebruikt voor uitwisseling met MARC-21-autoriteiten.[2] Voor uitwisseling in PICA-formaat[3] zijn enkele specifieke velden aangepast op MARC-21-formaat.

Geschiedenis

De GND-standaard is ontworpen bij de Nationale Bibliotheek van Duitsland en in 2012 in gebruik genomen met als doel een aantal standaarden te vervangen:

Duits afkorting Engels
Personennamendatei PND Name Authority File
Gemeinsame Körperschaftsdatei GKD Corporate Bodies Authority File
Schlagwortnormdatei SWD Subject Headings Authority File
Einheitssachtitel-Datei des Deutschen Musikarchivs DMA-EST Uniform Title File of the Deutsches Musikarchiv

Typen van GND high-level entiteiten

Er zijn zes hoofdtypen van GND entiteiten:

Type Duits (officieel) Engels (vertaling) Nederlands (vertaling)
p Person (individualisiert) person (individualized) persoon (individu)
n Name (nicht individualisiert) name (not individualized) naam (geen individu)
k Körperschaft corporate body organisatie
v Veranstaltung event gebeurtenis
w Werk work werk
s Sachbegriff subject heading rubriek
g Geografikum geographical place name geografische plaatsnaam

Voorbeelden van andere typen bibliografische informatiesystemen zijn Virtual International Authority File (VIAF), Library of Congress Authorities (LCNAF), NDL Web Authorities van de nationale bibliotheek van Japan, en LIBRIS van de Nationale Bibliotheek van Zweden.

  • (de) GND officiële home pagina (gearchiveerd)
  • (de) Online-GND (Bibliotheksservice-Zentrum Baden-Württemberg)

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