Ribosom

Ribosom merupakan mesin molekul rumit didapati dalam semua sel hidupan yang berfungsi sebagai tapak sintesis protein biologi (translasi). Ia menghubungkan bersama komponen-komponen asid amino mengikut urutan yang diperincikan oleh molekul RNA pengutus (mRNA). Ia terdiri daripada dua komponen utama: subunit ribosom kecil yang membaca RNA dan subunit besar yang menghubungkan asid amino membentuk rantaian polipeptida. Setiap subunit terdiri daripada lebih banyak molekul RNA ribosom (rRNA) dan pelbagai jenis protein ribosom (r-protein atau rProtein[1][2][3]).

Struktur

Ribosom merupakan organel yang amat kecil - ribosom prokariot mempunyai diameter berukuran 20 nm (200 Å) dan terdiri daripada 65% rRNA dan 35% protein ribosom.[4] Ribosom eukariot pula berdiameter antara 25 and 30 nm (250–300 Å) dengan nisbah rRNA ke protein yang hampir kepada 1.[5]

Fungsi

  • Sebagai tapak sintesis protein.
  • Protein yang dihasilkan oleh ribosom pada jalinan endoplasma kasar dirembeskan dalam bentuk enzim atau hormon.
  • Protein yang dihasilkan oleh ribosom bebas digunakan oleh sel itu untuk tumbesaran dan memangkinkan tindak balas yang dijalankan di dalam sel itu.

Lihat juga

Bahagian lain di dalam sel:

Rujukan

  1. ^ Salini Konikkat: Dynamic Remodeling Events Drive the Removal of the ITS2 Spacer Sequence During Assembly of 60S Ribosomal Subunits in S. cerevisiae. Carnegie Mellon University Dissertations, Feb. 2016.
  2. ^ Elmar W. Weiler, Lutz Nover (2008) (dalam bahasa Jerman), [[ ], m/s. 532, di Buku Google Allgemeine und molekulare Botanik], Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag, ISBN 978-3-13-152791-2, [ ], m/s. 532, di Buku Google
  3. ^ Jesus de la Cruz, Katrin Karbstein, John L. Woolford, Jr. (2015), "Functions of Ribosomal Proteins in Assembly of Eukaryotic Ribosomes In Vivo" (dalam bahasa Jerman), Annual review of biochemistry 84: m.s 93–129, doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-033917, PMC 4772166, PMID 25706898
  4. ^ Kurland, C.G. "Molecular characterization of ribonucleic acid from Escherichia coli ribosomes". Journal of Molecular Biology (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 2 (2): 83–91. doi:10.1016/s0022-2836(60)80029-0.
  5. ^ Wilson, Daniel N.; Doudna Cate, Jamie H. (Mei 2012). "The Structure and Function of the Eukaryotic Ribosome". Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology. 4 (5): a011536. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a011536. ISSN 1943-0264. PMC 3331703. PMID 22550233.

Pautan luar

Organel sel
Akrosom | Dinding sel | Membran sel | Kloroplas | Silium/Flagelum | Sentrosom | Sitoplasma | Retikulum endoplasma | Jasad / perkakas Golgi | Lisosom | Melanosom
Mitokondrion | Miofibril | Nukleus | Parentesom | Peroksisom | Plastid | Ribosom | Vakuol | Vesikel

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