Tolong bantu menterjemahkan sebahagian rencana ini. Rencana ini memerlukan kemaskini dalam Bahasa Melayu piawai Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Sila membantu, bahan-bahan boleh didapati di Queensland(Inggeris).
Jika anda ingin menilai rencana ini, anda mungkin mahu menyemak di terjemahan Google. Walau bagaimanapun, jangan menambah terjemahan automatik kepada rencana, kerana ini biasanya mempunyai kualiti yang sangat teruk. Sumber-sumber bantuan:Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu.
Kawasan ini pertama diduduki oleh Orang Asli Australia dan Torres Strait Islanders, yang tiba di antara 40,000 dan 65,000 tahun yang lalu, menurut dengan pelbagai kaedah penarikhan.[3] Kemudian, Queensland dijadikan sebuah Crown Colony British yang diasingkan dari New South Wales pada 6 Jun 1859, suatu tarikh kini dirayaikan tahunan sebagai Hari Queensland.
Kawasan yang kini membentuk Brisbane terdahulunya koloni tahananMoreton Bay, ditujukan sebagai sebuah tempat untuk pada banduan recidivist yang telah membaut salah sementara melakukan hukuman mereka di New South Wales. Negeri ini kemudian mengalakkan perkampungan bebas, dan kini ekonomi Queensland didominasi oleh sektor pertanian, pelancong dan sumber semulajadi.
Queensland sering dinamasamarankan Sunshine State, sejak ia menikmati cuaca panas dan bahagian agak banyak dari negeri berada di tropics.
Etimologi
Negeri ini dinamakan dengan mulianya Ratu Victoria,[4] yang pada 6 Jun 1859 menandatangani suatu pengisytiharan mengasingkan negeri dari New South Wales. Pada waktu itu, Victoria telah menjadi sebuah raja masyhur yang umum, dan dia lebih suka sebuah nama eponymous untuk tanah jajahan baru ke atas Cooksland, yang telah dicadangkan oleh menteri Presbyterian tempatan yang berpengaruh John Dunmore Lang dengan mulianya pengendali Inggeris James Cook.[5][6] Negeri Australia selatan Victoria juga dinamakan selepas beliau.
Sejarah Queensland menjangkau beribu-ribu tahun, merangkumi kehadiran indigenous yang berpanjangan, dan juga masa-masa berperistiwa selepas penubuhan Eropah. Dianggarkan telah diduduki oleh Orang Asli Australia lebih kurang 40,000 tahun yang lalu, rantau Australia barat laut telah dijelajahi oleh ahli pelayaran Belanda, Portugis dan Perancis sebelum ditemu oleh Kapten James Cook pada 1770. Jun 2009 menandakan ulang tahun 150 dari penciptaannya sebagai sebuah tanah jajahan terasing dari New South Wales.[7] Negeri ini telah menyaksikan keadaan peperangan perbatasan di antara peneroka Eropah dan penduduk Asli, dan juga penggajian buruh murah Kanaka disumber dari South Pacific.
Queensland disempadan di utara oleh Selat Torres dengan Pulau Boigu di tepi pantai New Guinea mewakili lampau utara keseluruhannya wilayah. The triangular Semenanjung Cape York, which points toward New Guinea is the northernmost part of the state's mainland. The western side of the peninsula is washed by the Gulf of Carpentaria, while its eastern side borders the Coral Sea, an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The eastern border is the Pacific Ocean. To the west, Queensland is bordered by the Northern Territory, at the 138°E longitude, and to the south-west by the north-eastern corner of South Australia.
The state capital is Brisbane, located on the coast 100 kilometres (60 mi) by road north of the New South Wales border. The fifth-largest city by area in the world, Mount Isa, is located in Queensland. The city area is in excess of 40,000 square kilometres (15,400 sq mi). The state is divided into several officially recognised regions. Other smaller geographical regions of note include the Atherton Tablelands, the Granite Belt, and the Channel Country in the far south-west.
Because of its size, there is significant variation in climate across the state. Low rainfall and hot summers are typical for the inland west, a monsoonal 'wet' season in the far north, and warm temperate conditions along the coastal strip. Inland and in southern ranges low minimum temperatures are experienced.
The climate of the coastal strip is influenced by warm ocean waters, keeping the region free from extremes of temperature and providing moisture for rainfall.[8]
There are five predominate climatic zones in Queensland[9], based on temperature and humidity:
hot humid summer (far north and coastal)
warm humid summer (coastal elevated hinterlands and coastal south-east)
However, most of the Queensland populace experience two weather seasons: a "winter" period of rather warm temperatures and minimal rainfall and a sultry summer period of hot, sticky temperatures and higher levels of rainfall.
The annual mean statistics[10] for some Queensland centres is shown below:
The highest maximum temperature observed in the state is 49.5 °C (121 °F) at Birdsville on 24 December 1972 (The temperature of 53.1 °C (128 °F) at Cloncurry on 16 January 1889 is not considered official; the figure quoted from Birdsville is the next highest, so that record is considered as being official).
The lowest minimum temperature is −10.6 °C (13 °F) at Stanthorpe on 23 June 1961 and at The Hermitage on 12 July 1965. [11]
A smaller proportion of Queensland's population lives in the capital city than any other mainland state. As of June 2004 the capital city represented 45.7% of the population; for the whole country, capital cities represented 63.8% of the total population.
Pada 9 Disember 2005, the population of Queensland officially reached 4 million. Queensland is the fastest growing state in Australia, with over 1,500 people moving to the state per week; 1,000 in the southern part of the state alone. Predictions show that Queensland will become Australia's second most populous state by the late 2020s. [12] According to Queensland's Office of Economic and Statistical Research the estimated population of the state at the end of 2007 was 4,228,290 which is almost 20% of Australia's total.
In 2007, Queensland recorded a TFR of 2.1, the highest since 1977.[13]