Ikatan ganda enam

Gambar rajah orbital molekul dimolibdenum.

Ikatan ganda enam ialah sejenis ikatan kovalen yang melibatkan 12 elektron mengikat dan dengan urutan ikatannya 6. Hanya terdapat dua molekul yang mempunyai ikatan ganda enam yang sebenar; dimolibdenum (Mo2) dan ditungsten (W2). Kedua-dua molekul ini adalah molekul dwiatom dan wujud dalam bentuk gas. Ada bukti yang kukuh yang menyatakan bahawa tidak ada mana-mana pasangan unsur di dalam jadual berkala yang boleh mengikat dengan urutan ikatan lebih daripada 6.[1]

Dimolibdenum dan ditungsten

Dimolibdenum (Mo2) boleh diperhatikan dalam bentuk gas pada suhu rendah (7 K) yang dihasilkan dengan teknik penyejatan laser menggunakan kepingan molibdenum melalui, misalnya, spektroskopi hampir inframerah atau spektroskopi untraungu.[2] Seperti dikromium, dimolibdenum dijangkakan memiliki keadaan kembar satu.[3] Urutan ikatan yang lebih tinggi memberikan panjang ikatan yang lebih pendek, iaitu sepanjang 194 pm.

Sebatian lain

Meskipun molekul dwiatom Cr2 dan U2 mempunyai struktur formal dengan ikatan dua belas elektron, urutan ikatan berkesannya mengikut pengiraan kimia kuantum adalah kurang daripada 5 (yang akan menjadi ikatan ganda lima).[1]

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b Roos, Björn O. (2007). "Reaching the Maximum Multiplicity of the Covalent Chemical Bond" (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 46 (9): 1469. doi:10.1002/anie.200603600. PMID 17225237. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)
  2. ^ D. Kraus, M. Lorenz dan V. E. Bondybey (2001). "On the dimers of the VIB group: a new NIR electronic state of Mo2". PhysChemComm. 4 (10): 44–48. doi:10.1039/b104063b.
  3. ^ Gabriel Merino, Kelling J. Donald, Jason S. D’Acchioli, dan Roald Hoffmann (2007). "The Many Ways To Have a Quintuple Bond". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 (49): 15295–15302. doi:10.1021/ja075454b. PMID 18004851.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

Lihat juga

  • Bruce E. Bursten; F. Albert Cotton; Michael B. Hall (1980). "Dimolybdenum: nature of the sextuple bond". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 102 (20): 6348. doi:10.1021/ja00540a034.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Borin, A; Gobbo, João Paulo; Roos, Björn O. (2008). "A theoretical study of the binding and electronic spectrum of the Mo2 molecule". Chemical Physics. 343 (2–3): 210. Bibcode:2008CP....343..210B. doi:10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.05.028.
  • Marvin M. Goodgame; William A. Goddard I I I (1981). "The "sextuple" bond of chromium dimer". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 85 (3): 215. doi:10.1021/j150603a001.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Chisholm, Mh (2007). "Metal to metal multiple bonds in ordered assemblies" (Free full text). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (8): 2563–70. Bibcode:2007PNAS..104.2563C. doi:10.1073/pnas.0610364104. PMC 1815223. PMID 17299047. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (bantuan)
  • Norman, Joe G., Jr.; Ryan, P. Barry (1980). "Metal-metal bond energies in diatomic molybdenum, octachloromolybdate (Mo2Cl84-), and molybdenum formate (Mo2(O2CH)4)". Journal of Computational Chemistry. 1 (1): 59–63. doi:10.1002/jcc.540010107.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Atha, P. M.; Hillier, I. H.; Guest, M. F. (1980). "Electron correlation and the nature of the sextuple bond in the dimolybdenum molecule". Chemical Physics Letters. 75 (1): 84–86. Bibcode:1980CPL....75...84A. doi:10.1016/0009-2614(80)80469-6.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  • Wood, Carol; Doran, Mark; Hillier, Ian H.; Guest, Martyn F. (1980). "Theoretical study of the electronic structure of the transition metal dimers, discandium, dichromium, dimolybdenum, and dinickel". Faraday Symp. R. Soc. Chem. 14 (Diatomic Met. Met. Clusters): 159–169. doi:10.1039/fs9801400159.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

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