Vandens lėktuvas

DeHavilland Single Otter vandens lėktuvas.

Vandens lėktuvas arba hidroplanaslėktuvas, galintis pakilti vandeniu ir nusileisti ant jo.[1]

Išskiriami du vandens lėktuvų tipai:

  • plūdinis lėktuvas, turintis plonus pontonus, sumontuotus po fiuzeliažu. Dažniausiai naudojamos dvi plūdės, tačiau Antro pasaulinio karo metu pasitaikydavo orlaivių, kurie turėdavo vieną plūdę po fiuzeliažu ir dvi mažesnes po sparnais. Toks lėktuvas su vandeniu liečiasi tik plūdėmis.
  • skraidanti valtis su vandeniu liečiasi visu fiuzeliažu, todėl veikia taip pat, kaip laivo korpusas. Dauguma skraidančių valčių taip pat turi nedideles plūdes po sparnais, palaikančias jo stabilumą.

Lėktuvas amfibija - kategorija, į kurią patenka tiek plūdes, tiek ir važiuoklę turintys lėktuvai - gali kilti nuo ir tūpti ant tiek kieto paviršiaus, tiek vandenis.

Pirmąjį vandens lėktuvą 1910 m. sukūrė prancūzų inžinierius Anri Fabrė (pranc. Henri Fabre). Orlaivis, pavadintas „Le Canard“ (liet. antis) 1910 m. kovo 28 d. pirmo skrydžio metu pakilęs virš vandens nuskriejo 800 metrų.

1912 m. vandens lėktuvai buvo pirmą kartą panaudoti kariniams tikslams, kuriuos gabeno Prancūzijos karinio jūrų laivyno vandens lėktuvų lėktuvnešisLa Foudre“.

Šaltiniai

  1. Gunston, "The Cambridge Aerospace Dictionary", 2009.


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